A patient was for transfer to a tertiary hospital because of severe asthma, but the nurse do not prepare the patient right away and the patient dies. Which of the following the nurse is liable?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse's failure to promptly prepare the patient for transfer to a tertiary hospital resulted in the patient's death. This situation falls under the category of malpractice, which refers to professional negligence or failure to provide a standard level of care that results in harm to a patient. The nurse had a duty to ensure the patient's timely transfer and by delaying the necessary actions, the nurse failed to uphold this duty, leading to a tragic outcome. Murder, assault, and battery are criminal offenses that do not fit the circumstances described in the scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The symptoms described such as memory loss, impaired judgment, personality changes, difficulty with language, motor function, and coordination all point towards Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects memory and cognitive functions. Over time, it leads to severe impairment in daily activities and overall functioning. While Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and ALS can also present with neurological symptoms, the combination of gradual-onset memory loss, cognitive decline, and functional impairments seen in this scenario is most characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The described presentation of a pruritic, annular rash with central clearing and a raised, scaly border that spreads outward in a centrifugal pattern is characteristic of tinea corporis, commonly known as ringworm. This fungal infection affects the skin and is typically ring-shaped, with a well-defined, slightly raised, and scaly border. The central area often clears as the lesion enlarges peripherally, resembling a ring. It is important to note that ringworm is not caused by a worm but by a fungus. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications applied topically or taken orally, depending on the severity of the infection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The given patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is likely experiencing uremic bleeding diathesis. Uremic bleeding diathesis is a complication of CKD characterized by abnormal platelet function, leading to a tendency for bleeding. The presence of anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), pale skin, easy bruising, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels are all consistent with uremic bleeding diathesis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a diagnostic pelvic ultrasound, one important preparation is to have the patient void or empty their bladder before the procedure. This allows for better visualization of the pelvic organs and structures during the ultrasound scan. A full bladder can obstruct the view and make it difficult to obtain accurate images. Therefore, it is essential for the patient to follow instructions to empty their bladder before the pelvic ultrasound to ensure the best results.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct advice to give to the owner of the dog in case of a dog bite is to feed the dog well and observe its behavior closely. It is not necessary to give away, impound, or kill the dog immediately after a bite incident. By feeding the dog well and observing its behavior, the owner can see if there are any underlying issues that may have caused the dog to bite. Additionally, observing the dog can help the owner determine if the dog has any health issues that need to be addressed. This approach allows the owner to make an informed decision about the dog's future while ensuring the safety of others.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Beta-blockers are a class of medications commonly used to manage hypertension. One of the main mechanisms of action of beta-blockers is to reduce heart rate and contractility by blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart. As a result, one of the potential adverse effects of beta-blockers is bradycardia, which refers to a slower than normal heart rate. Therefore, the nurse should closely monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of bradycardia when starting or adjusting the dose of a beta-blocker. Symptoms of bradycardia may include dizziness, fainting, fatigue, or shortness of breath. If bradycardia is severe or symptomatic, it may require dose adjustments or discontinuation of the beta-blocker to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When performing an admission assessment, the nurse should expect to find clinical manifestations that are indicative of a variety of conditions. Paresthesia (abnormal sensation like tingling, prickling, or numbness) and muscle weakness of the upper body are commonly associated with neurological conditions such as peripheral neuropathy or cervical radiculopathy. These symptoms suggest dysfunction in the nerves that supply the upper body muscles, leading to sensory changes and weakness. This finding would prompt further assessment and evaluation by healthcare providers to determine the underlying cause and appropriate interventions. Rapid progressive muscular atrophy, ascending paralysis with ataxia, and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes are not typically expected findings during an admission assessment and may signal more specific neurological conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or spinal cord injury, respectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Signs such as using tissues to doorknobs suggest that the patient is unconsciously controlling unacceptable impulses or feelings. This behavior falls under the category of defense mechanisms, specifically displacement, where the individual redirects their emotions from a threatening target to a safer one. In this case, the patient may be experiencing anxiety or fear related to contamination or germs, leading them to use tissues to avoid touching doorknobs directly. It is a way for the patient to manage their underlying emotions, albeit unconsciously, through this compulsive behavior.