A patient was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer last month, and has complained of a dull ache in the abdomen for the past 4 months. This pain has been gradually increasing, and the pain relievers taken at home are no longer effective. What type of pain is the patient experiencing?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chronic pain. The patient's pain has been ongoing for 4 months and is gradually increasing, indicating a long-lasting and persistent nature characteristic of chronic pain. Chronic pain is defined as pain lasting beyond the expected healing time. Acute pain (choice A) is sudden and short-term. Somatic pain (choice C) arises from the skin, muscles, or bones and is localized, not consistent with the abdominal pain described. Neuropathic pain (choice D) results from nerve damage and is typically described as burning or shooting, not matching the dull ache described by the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deficient knowledge. Patients receiving antidysrhythmics need education to understand the medication's purpose, side effects, and signs of complications. This empowers patients to manage their condition effectively. The other options are not directly related to the administration of antidysrhythmics. A (Risk for infection) is not typically a priority for patients receiving antidysrhythmics. C (Deficient fluid volume) may be relevant if the medication causes electrolyte imbalances, but education is more critical. D (Urinary retention) is not commonly associated with antidysrhythmics. Thus, B is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a patient receiving antidysrhythmics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Guaifenesin is an expectorant that helps loosen and thin mucus in the respiratory tract. 2. It aids in the removal of excessive, thick mucus, making it easier for the patient to cough it out. 3. Benzonatate is a cough suppressant, not an expectorant. 4. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine and not indicated for mucus removal. 5. Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant and does not help in mucus expectoration. In summary, guaifenesin is the correct choice as it specifically targets mucus removal, while the other options do not have this expectorant effect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Inhalation. Parenteral administration involves delivering medications directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. Inhalation allows the medication to enter the bloodstream through the lungs, making it a parenteral route. Rectal (A), oral (B), and sublingual (C) routes all involve absorption through the digestive system, so they are not considered parenteral routes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tachyphylaxis. Tachyphylaxis refers to a rapid decrease in response to a drug that develops within minutes. This term specifically describes the phenomenon of developing a tolerance to a drug in a short period of time. Refractoriness (A) generally refers to a lack of response to a drug over time. Cumulative effect (B) is the gradual build-up of a drug's effects with repeated doses. Tolerance (C) is the gradual decrease in response to a drug over an extended period, not within minutes. Thus, the most appropriate term for a rapid decrease in responsiveness to a drug is tachyphylaxis.