ATI RN
Pharmacology Assessment 2 ATI Capstone Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient wants to take garlic tablets to improve his cholesterol levels. Which condition would be a contraindication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Scheduled surgery would be a contraindication for taking garlic tablets because garlic has blood-thinning properties that could potentially increase the risk of bleeding during or after surgery. This can interfere with the blood's ability to clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding and other complications during the surgical procedure. It is important to inform healthcare providers about all supplements being taken, including garlic tablets, before undergoing any surgery to ensure patient safety.
Question 2 of 5
Aspirin:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, is metabolized to salicylic acid and acetic acid, not acetone, making the hydrolysis statement false. At low doses, it follows first-order kinetics, where elimination rate is proportional to concentration, a true statement reflecting its predictable clearance under therapeutic levels. It's primarily conjugated in the liver (e.g., to salicyluric acid), but excreted mainly via urine, not bile, so that's false. Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) by acetylating it, unlike reversible NSAIDs, making that option false. The correct answer highlights aspirin's pharmacokinetic behavior at low doses, critical for its use in analgesia or cardioprotection, where steady-state effects depend on consistent elimination, contrasting with zero-order kinetics at overdose levels.
Question 3 of 5
All of the following are eicosanoids, except:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bradykinin is not an eicosanoid. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Bradykinin, on the other hand, is a peptide that functions as a mediator of inflammation and pain by promoting vasodilation and increasing vascular permeability.
Question 4 of 5
The client receives diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to control allergic symptoms. Which common symptom does the nurse teach the client to report to the physician?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine, has anticholinergic effects, including urinary hesitancy , due to reduced bladder contractility. This can escalate to retention, a serious issue, especially in older adults or those with prostate issues, warranting physician reporting. Sedation is expected and manageable, not typically reported unless severe. Diarrhea isn't common; constipation is more likely. Projectile vomiting suggests a different pathology, not a typical antihistamine effect. The nurse teaches reporting urinary hesitancy as it's a significant anticholinergic complication requiring intervention, making choice D the priority symptom to monitor.
Question 5 of 5
The patient accidentally takes too much of the prescribed warfarin (Coumadin) and is readmitted to the hospital with bleeding. Which drug can the nurse anticipates administrating?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the scenario described where the patient has accidentally taken too much warfarin (Coumadin) and is experiencing bleeding, the nurse can anticipate administering Vitamin K. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver. By administering Vitamin K, it helps reverse the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by supplying the needed vitamin K for the production of clotting factors. This aids in the clotting process and helps to stop the bleeding that may occur due to excess warfarin in the system. Other medications listed (such as Protamine sulfate, Alteplase, Reteplase) are not specific antidotes for warfarin overdose-related bleeding but are used for different therapeutic purposes.