A patient wants to take a ginseng dietary supplement. The nurse instructs the patient to look for which potential adverse effect?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Palpitations and anxiety. Ginseng is known to stimulate the central nervous system, potentially leading to palpitations and anxiety. This is an important adverse effect to watch for when taking ginseng. Incorrect Choices: A: Drowsiness - Ginseng is not typically associated with drowsiness, as it is known for its stimulant properties. C: Dry mouth - Dry mouth is not a common adverse effect of ginseng. D: Constipation - Constipation is not a known adverse effect of ginseng.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Limit use of this spray to 3 to 5 days." Adrenergic decongestants, such as nasal sprays, can lead to rebound congestion if used for an extended period. Limiting the use to 3 to 5 days helps prevent this rebound effect. Other choices are incorrect as: A: "You won’t see effects for at least 1 week." - This is incorrect because adrenergic decongestants provide immediate relief. C: "Continue the spray until nasal stuffiness has resolved." - This is incorrect as prolonged use can lead to worsening symptoms. D: "Avoid use of this spray if a fever develops." - This is incorrect as fever is not a contraindication for using adrenergic decongestants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oily solutions can be injected. In the intramuscular route of drug administration, oily solutions can be injected due to the higher vascularity of muscle tissues, allowing for slower absorption and prolonged drug release. Oily solutions facilitate the absorption of lipid-soluble drugs. This route is suitable for drugs that require sustained release or have poor water solubility. Choices A and C are incorrect because not only water solutions but also oily and other types of solutions can be injected intramuscularly. Choice D is incorrect as intramuscular administration generally results in faster onset of action compared to oral administration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Drug resistance refers to the ability of microbes or cancer cells to withstand the effects of drugs designed to kill or inhibit their growth. This loss of effectiveness is a significant concern in healthcare. Therefore, the statement that drug resistance is a term used to describe the loss of effectiveness of antimicrobial or antitumour drugs is TRUE. Summary of other choices: - B: FALSE - Incorrect, as drug resistance is a real phenomenon affecting the efficacy of drugs. - C: None of the above - Incorrect, as option A is correct. - D: All of the above - Incorrect, as not all options are valid; only option A is correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Dibucaine, Lidocaine, and Mepivacaine are all local anesthetics commonly used for infiltrative and regional anesthesia. These agents work by blocking sodium channels, preventing the generation and propagation of action potentials in nerves. They are effective for producing anesthesia in a localized area, making them suitable for procedures like dental work, minor surgeries, and nerve blocks. Each of these local anesthetics has a slightly different onset, duration, and potency, allowing for flexibility in choosing the most appropriate agent based on the specific clinical situation. Therefore, choosing all of the above options is correct as they are all suitable choices for infiltrative and regional anesthesia.