ATI RN
ATI PN Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient tells the nurse that he likes to eat large amounts of garlic to help lower his cholesterol levels naturally. The nurse reviews his medication history and notes that which drug has a potential interaction with the garlic?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Garlic has been reported to have potential interactions with warfarin, which is an anticoagulant medication. Garlic contains compounds that can also act as anticoagulants, and the combination with warfarin may increase the risk of bleeding. It can lead to potentiation of the anticoagulant effects of warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding complications. Therefore, patients taking warfarin should be cautious about consuming large amounts of garlic or garlic supplements. This potential interaction highlights the importance of discussing all dietary supplements with healthcare providers to prevent adverse events.
Question 2 of 5
A female patient needs a whole blood transfusion. In order for transfusion services (the blood bank) to prepare the correct product a sample of the patient's blood must be obtained for:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Before administering a whole blood transfusion to a patient, it is crucial for the transfusion services to determine the patient's blood type and perform a crossmatch with the donor blood to ensure compatibility. The blood type (e.g., ABO and Rh) of the patient must be identified to select compatible donor blood. A crossmatch is performed to further confirm compatibility and prevent adverse reactions, such as hemolytic transfusion reactions, which can occur when incompatible blood components are transfused. This process helps ensure the safety and efficacy of the transfusion for the patient. A complete blood count and differential, blood culture and sensitivity, and antibody screening are important tests in other clinical contexts but are not essential for preparing a whole blood transfusion.
Question 3 of 5
What is the classification of the drug Lithium?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lithium is a mood stabilizer used primarily in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It helps to reduce the intensity and frequency of manic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder, as well as prevent the recurrence of both manic and depressive episodes. Lithium is not classified as an anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer agent, or diuretic.
Question 4 of 5
A client is admitted to the emergency room complaining of difficulty of breathing and upon auscultation, the nurse noted that the patient has wheezes. An allergic reaction to penicillin was
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Albuterol (Ventolin HFA) is a short-acting beta-agonist bronchodilator commonly used to treat asthma exacerbations and wheezing. In this case, the patient presenting with wheezes and difficulty breathing likely has bronchospasm, which albuterol can help relieve by relaxing the muscles in the airways. It is the first-line treatment for acute bronchospasm and is administered via inhalation to provide quick relief of symptoms. Albuterol works rapidly to open up the airways, making it an appropriate initial medication to administer in this situation.
Question 5 of 5
What is an expected outcome for Lithium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lithium is commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. One of the expected outcomes of lithium treatment is a decreased incidence of acute manic episodes. Lithium helps stabilize mood and reduce the frequency and severity of manic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. It is considered one of the first-line treatments for managing symptoms of mania in bipolar disorder. While lithium has various physiological effects in the body, its primary use in mental health is to manage mood symptoms associated with bipolar disorder, particularly the manic phase. Therefore, the expected outcome of lithium treatment is a decrease in the incidence of acute manic episodes.