A patient tells the nurse, "I get sick so much, so I started taking ginseng to boost my immune system.” The patient’s only other medication is warfarin daily. Which potential complication should be included in the nursing assessment?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Spontaneous bleeding. Ginseng can interact with warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding due to its anticoagulant properties. The rationale: Ginseng can potentiate the effects of warfarin, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. This interaction is a significant concern for patients on anticoagulant therapy like warfarin. Gastrointestinal distress (choice A) and drowsiness (choice D) are not common interactions with ginseng. Thromboembolism (choice C) is less likely as ginseng's anticoagulant properties would tend to increase bleeding risk rather than promote clot formation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Yoga. Yoga is suitable for improving both mental and physical well-being. It incorporates physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation, promoting relaxation and stress reduction. Other choices can also have benefits but may not address both mental and physical aspects comprehensively. Exercise (B) is beneficial mainly for physical health. Meditation (C) is effective for mental well-being but may not cover physical aspects. Aromatherapy (D) focuses on mental well-being through scents, but it may not address physical well-being directly. Therefore, suggesting yoga covers both mental and physical well-being, making it the appropriate choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Grey matter. Grey matter contains neural cell bodies, axon terminals, dendrites, and all nerve synapses. The cerebellum, cerebrum, brain stem, and butterfly-shaped portion of the central spinal cord are regions of the brain and spinal cord rich in grey matter. White matter (choice B) contains mostly axons and serves to connect different parts of the nervous system. The frontal lobe (choice A) is a specific region of the cerebrum responsible for higher cognitive functions. The corpus callosum (choice D) is a structure connecting the two hemispheres of the brain, composed of white matter. Therefore, C is the correct answer as it accurately describes the composition of the mentioned brain regions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hippocampus. The hippocampus is responsible for the formation and consolidation of long-term memories. It plays a crucial role in memory encoding and retrieval processes. Damage to the hippocampus can lead to difficulties in forming new memories. B: Parietal lobe is involved in sensory processing and spatial orientation. C: Temporal lobe is important for memory and auditory processing, but the hippocampus within the temporal lobe is specifically responsible for long-term memory. D: Occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing. In summary, the hippocampus is the correct answer as it is specifically associated with regulating long-term memory, while the other brain areas have different functions unrelated to long-term memory regulation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for correct answer A: Epigenetic changes are reversible because they involve modifications to gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. These changes can be influenced by environmental factors and lifestyle choices, making them reversible through interventions like diet, exercise, and medication. This reversibility allows for the potential to modify gene expression and potentially reverse negative health outcomes. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Epigenetic changes do not alter the DNA sequence itself but regulate gene expression. They do not change how the body reacts to the DNA sequence but rather how genes are turned on or off. C: Epigenetic changes have been linked to various mental health conditions, such as depression, schizophrenia, and PTSD, among others. Therefore, this statement is incorrect. D: Epigenetic changes can increase the risk for psychiatric diseases when combined with genetic predispositions, rather than decreasing the risk. Thus, this statement is incorrect.