ATI RN
Psychobiological Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient tells the nurse, Everyone says we should sleep 8 hours a night. I can only sleep 6 hours, no matter how hard I try. Am I doing harm to my body? Select the nurse's best response.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Short sleepers are individuals who naturally require less sleep (around 6 hours) and still function well. By acknowledging the possibility that the patient is a short sleeper, the nurse normalizes the situation and alleviates any concerns about potential harm from only sleeping 6 hours. This response shows understanding and validation of the patient's unique sleep pattern. Choice A focuses on strategies to increase sleep without considering the possibility of being a short sleeper. Choice B implies harm from lack of sleep, which may not apply to short sleepers. Choice C suggests consulting a healthcare provider without considering the individual's natural sleep needs.
Question 2 of 5
A 15-year-old was placed in a residential program after truancy, running away, and an arrest for theft. At the program, the adolescent refused to join in planned activities and pushed a staff member, causing a fall. Which approach by nursing staff will be most therapeutic?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct approach, establishing firm limits (B), is the most therapeutic because it provides structure and consistency for the adolescent's behavior. By setting clear boundaries, the nursing staff creates a safe environment and helps the adolescent understand the consequences of their actions. This approach also promotes accountability and teaches appropriate behavior. Planned ignoring (A) would not be effective in this situation as the behavior exhibited by the adolescent, such as pushing a staff member, requires immediate attention and intervention. Neutrally permitting refusals (C) may result in the adolescent feeling enabled to continue displaying disruptive behavior. Coaxing to gain compliance (D) may not address the underlying issues and could potentially reinforce negative behavior patterns. Thus, establishing firm limits is the most appropriate and therapeutic approach in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
An 11-year-old diagnosed with ODD becomes angry over the rules at a residential treatment program and begins cursing at the nurse. Select the best method for the nurse to defuse the situation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because taking the child to the gym and engaging in an activity can help redirect their negative energy into a positive outlet. Physical activity can help release tension and improve mood. It also provides a distraction from the triggering situation and allows the child to calm down in a non-confrontational manner. This approach promotes positive behavior reinforcement and builds a rapport with the child. Ignoring the behavior (A) may escalate the situation. Sending the child to time-out for 2 hours (B) is excessive and may lead to further resistance. Role-playing a more appropriate behavior with the child (D) is beneficial but may not be effective in the heat of the moment.
Question 4 of 5
A child known as the neighborhood bully says, 'Nobody can tell me what to do.' After receiving a poor grade on a science project, this child secretly loaded a virus on the teacher's computer. These behaviors support a diagnosis of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder). This diagnosis fits because the child's behavior demonstrates a pattern of defiance, hostility, and disregard for authority figures. Loading a virus on the teacher's computer is a deliberate act of defiance, and the statement "Nobody can tell me what to do" reflects a persistent pattern of oppositional behavior. Summary: A: CD (Conduct Disorder) involves more severe and persistent antisocial behaviors, such as aggression towards people and animals, destruction of property, and serious rule violations. C: Intermittent Explosive Disorder involves sudden and intense outbursts of aggression that are out of proportion to the stressor. D: ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, but does not fully explain the deliberate and calculated behavior displayed by the child in the scenario.
Question 5 of 5
An adolescent diagnosed with CD has aggression, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and mood symptoms. The treatment team believes this adolescent may benefit from medication. The nurse anticipates the health care provider will prescribe which type of medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Second-generation antipsychotic. For a patient with CD exhibiting aggression, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and mood symptoms, second-generation antipsychotics are often prescribed due to their efficacy in managing these symptoms. These medications help regulate dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain, addressing the behavioral and emotional issues commonly seen in CD. Antianxiety medications (B) primarily target anxiety symptoms and may not adequately address the other symptoms present. Calcium channel blockers (C) are typically used for hypertension and heart conditions, not for CD symptoms. β-blockers (D) are more commonly used for conditions like hypertension and performance anxiety, and are not typically indicated for the symptoms associated with CD.