ATI RN
Peter Attia Drugs Cardiovascular Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient taking medication for mental illness develops restlessness and an uncontrollable need to be in motion. The nurse analyzes that these symptoms relate to which drug action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dopamine-blocking effects. Restlessness and an uncontrollable need to be in motion are known side effects of medications that block dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in movement control, and blocking its action can lead to motor side effects like restlessness. Anticholinergic effects (choice A) would cause dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. Endocrine-stimulating effects (choice C) would affect hormone levels, not movement. Ability to stimulate spinal nerves (choice D) would cause muscle contractions or pain, not restlessness.
Question 2 of 5
A 38-year-old man has come into the urgent care center with severe hip pain after falling from a ladder at work. He says he has taken several pain pills over the past few hours but cannot remember how many he has taken. He hands the nurse an empty bottle of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The nurse is aware that the most serious toxic effect of acute acetaminophen overdose is which condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hepatic necrosis. Acetaminophen overdose can lead to severe liver damage due to the production of a toxic metabolite. This metabolite depletes glutathione stores in the liver, leading to oxidative stress and hepatocellular injury. Hepatic necrosis can progress to acute liver failure, which can be life-threatening. Tachycardia (choice A) and central nervous system depression (choice B) are not the most serious toxic effects of acetaminjson overdose. Nephropathy (choice D) is not a common consequence of acetaminophen overdose compared to hepatic necrosis.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has been taking naltrexone (ReVia) as part of the treatment for addiction to heroin. The nurse expects that the naltrexone will have which therapeutic effect for this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because naltrexone is an opioid antagonist that blocks the euphoric effects of opioids. Here's the rationale: 1. Naltrexone blocks opioid receptors, preventing the euphoria associated with opioid use. 2. By blocking the euphoric effects, naltrexone reduces the reinforcing properties of opioids. 3. This decreases the likelihood of relapse as the patient does not experience the desired effects of opioids. 4. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because naltrexone does not prevent cravings, act as a substitute, or cause adverse reactions like flushing and sweating.
Question 4 of 5
When starting a patient on antidysrhythmic therapy, the nurse will remember that which problem is a potential adverse effect of any antidysrhythmic drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dysrhythmias. Antidysrhythmic drugs can potentially cause new or worsened dysrhythmias as an adverse effect due to their mechanism of action on cardiac electrophysiology. This can lead to serious complications such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. A: Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins - Antidysrhythmic drugs do not typically cause this adverse effect. B: Hyperkalemia - While some drugs may affect potassium levels, dysrhythmias are a more direct and common adverse effect of antidysrhythmic drugs. C: Heart failure - While some drugs may exacerbate heart failure in certain situations, dysrhythmias are a more immediate concern with antidysrhythmic therapy.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is in an urgent-care center with an acute asthma attack. The nurse expects that which medication will be used for initial treatment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A short-acting beta2 agonist such as albuterol (Proventil). In an acute asthma attack, bronchodilation is crucial for quick relief. Short-acting beta2 agonists like albuterol act rapidly to dilate the airways, providing immediate relief of symptoms. Anticholinergics like ipratropium (A) are also bronchodilators but are not as effective for acute exacerbations. Long-acting beta2 agonists like salmeterol (C) are used for long-term maintenance, not for immediate relief. Corticosteroids like fluticasone (D) are important for reducing airway inflammation but are not the first-line treatment for acute attacks.