A patient taking isoniazid is worried about the negative effects of the drug. The nurse provides information knowing that which is an adverse effect of the drug?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Isoniazid is associated with hepatotoxicity, which can range from asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes to severe hepatitis. Patients should be monitored for symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, and jaundice. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are not common adverse effects of isoniazid. Optic neuritis is a rare side effect of ethambutol, another antitubercular drug, not isoniazid.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In Fried's rule for dosage calculation, the formula is to divide the child's age in months by 150 to find the fraction of adult dose that can be tolerated. Generally, a child is considered to tolerate an adult dose when they have reached 12 months of age. This is based on the assumption that a 12-month-old child can typically tolerate a dose similar to that of an adult. Therefore, the correct answer is 12 months, which is option C.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, has anticholinergic effects, including urinary retention , a medical emergency risking bladder damage or infection, needing immediate intervention. Dry mouth and constipation are common, manageable side effects. Drowsiness is expected with its sedative action. Urinary retention's severity'potential for acute retention'sets it apart, requiring rapid reporting or catheterization. This aligns with amitriptyline's blockade of muscarinic receptors, where bladder dysfunction can escalate fast, making C the finding demanding urgent attention over chronic annoyances.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is most effective when taken 30 minutes before meals. This allows the medication to inhibit proton pumps during meal-stimulated acid production. Taking it after (A) or with meals (C) reduces its effectiveness. While it can be taken without regard to meals (D), taking it before meals is optimal.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pharmacotherapeutics applies drugs to treat diseases and alleviate suffering, combining pharmacology and therapeutic intent, a precise term. Biologics are drug types, not application. Alternative therapies use non-drug methods. Therapeutics is broader, but pharmacotherapeutics specifies drug use, aligning with the definition and clinical practice.