A patient's capillary blood glucose level is 120 mg/dL 6 hours after the nurse initiated a parenteral nutrition (PN) infusion. What is the appropriate action by the nurse?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obtain a venous blood glucose specimen. This is the appropriate action because capillary blood glucose levels can be inaccurate during PN infusions due to the high glucose content of the PN solution. Venous blood glucose levels provide a more accurate assessment of the patient's glycemic status. Slowing the infusion rate (Choice B) may not address the underlying issue of inaccurate readings. Rechecking capillary blood glucose levels (Choice C) will likely yield the same inaccurate results. Contacting the healthcare provider for infusion rate changes (Choice D) may be necessary but should be based on accurate glucose levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the tongue does not attach to the temporal bone. A is true as the tongue contains skeletal muscle. B is true as the tongue attaches to the hyoid bone. D is true as the tongue contains papillae for taste sensation. The tongue's attachment to the temporal bone is incorrect because it attaches to the hyoid bone and other muscles in the oral cavity for movement and function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Secretin is released by the duodenum in response to acidic chyme. It stimulates the pancreas to produce bicarbonate-rich secretions to neutralize the acidic chyme entering the small intestine. Bicarbonate helps maintain the optimal pH for pancreatic enzymes to function effectively. Proteolytic enzymes, amylase, and lipase are pancreatic enzymes but are not specifically influenced by secretin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: somatostatin. Somatostatin inhibits acid production by blocking the release of gastrin and histamine, which stimulate acid secretion. Secretin (A) stimulates bicarbonate secretion, cholecystokinin (C) stimulates gallbladder contraction, and gastrin (D) stimulates acid secretion. Somatostatin directly inhibits acid secretion by acting on the parietal cells of the stomach.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the correct answer as it specifically stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder. It is released in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the duodenum, signaling the gallbladder to contract and release bile to aid in digestion. Insulin is involved in regulating blood sugar levels, while gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion. Secretin stimulates the release of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice to neutralize stomach acid, not bile secretion. Therefore, CCK is the most appropriate choice in this context.