A patient™s blood pressure elevates to 270/150 mm Hg, and a hypertensive emergency is obvious.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a hypertensive emergency where a patient's blood pressure is extremely elevated (such as 270/150 mm Hg in this case), one of the medications commonly used is a titratable intravenous antihypertensive medication like nicardipine. The maximum dose of nicardipine that should be infused is typically guided by the patient's response to treatment and not a fixed duration of time. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it highlights the importance of titrating the medication based on the patient's blood pressure response, rather than a specific time frame for infusion. Utilizing the drug at the lowest effective dose is crucial to avoid potential adverse effects, especially in a hypertensive emergency scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Angioedema is a potentially serious side effect of ACE inhibitors. It involves swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and submucosal tissues and can affect areas such as the face, lips, tongue, throat, and extremities. One of the key signs of angioedema is difficulty breathing, or dyspnea. Other signs may include swelling, itching, and hives. It is crucial for nurses to monitor patients taking ACE inhibitors for any signs of angioedema as it can rapidly progress and lead to airway compromise and respiratory distress. Prompt recognition and intervention are essential to prevent any serious complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A sudden increase in temperature in a client receiving Pentamidine IV for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii is most likely an indication that the client has developed another infection. Pentamidine is an antiparasitic medication used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV/AIDS. An increase in temperature could be a sign of a new or worsening infection, especially in patients who are already immunocompromised. It is important for the nurse to monitor the client closely for signs of infection and notify the healthcare provider if there are any concerning symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Naloxone is the drug used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. It is an opioid antagonist that rapidly binds to opioid receptors in the brain, displacing the opioid molecules. By blocking the receptor sites, naloxone can quickly reverse the effects of opioids, such as respiratory depression, sedation, and potential coma. Naloxone is a critical medication in opioid overdose situations as it can restore normal breathing and save a person's life. It is often available in the form of a nasal spray or injection for emergency use. It is essential for first responders, healthcare professionals, and individuals at risk of opioid overdose to have access to naloxone as part of overdose prevention and harm reduction strategies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Albuterol is an example of a bronchodilator medication commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bronchodilators work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, which helps to open up the air passages and improve airflow to the lungs. This action can help relieve symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Albuterol is typically administered via inhalation to provide quick relief during an asthma attack or COPD exacerbation.