A patient™s blood pressure elevates to 270/150 mm Hg, and a hypertensive emergency is obvious.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a patient with a hypertensive emergency, rapid and effective blood pressure reduction is crucial to prevent organ damage. The recommendation for IV administration of antihypertensive medications in this scenario is to titrate the medication to achieve a safe reduction in blood pressure, generally targeting a decrease in mean arterial pressure by no more than 25% within the first hour. The specific medication and infusion rate are dependent on the patient's clinical status and individual factors. Therefore, the maximum dose and duration of infusion must be tailored to the patient's response, with close monitoring by healthcare providers. Hence, determining a fixed time for the maximum dose of the drug to be infused is not appropriate in this critical care scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When administering packed red blood cells, it is recommended to use 0.9% sodium chloride, also known as normal saline solution, as the preferred solution. Normal saline is isotonic and compatible with blood products, making it the most suitable solution for transfusion with packed red blood cells. It helps maintain the osmotic pressure and prevents hemolysis of red blood cells, ensuring the safe delivery of the blood product to the patient. Lactated Ringer's solution, D5W, and 0.45% sodium chloride are not ideal choices for administering packed red blood cells due to their electrolyte compositions and potential risks of adverse reactions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct instruction for a patient receiving antilipemic drug therapy is to limit fluid intake to prevent fluid overload. This instruction is crucial because some antilipemic medications can lead to fluid retention, which may worsen with excessive fluid intake. Eating extra servings of raw vegetables and fruits (option C) is not directly related to antilipemic drug therapy. While a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is generally beneficial for overall health, it is not a specific instruction for this medication regimen. Reporting abnormal or unusual bleeding or yellow discoloration of the skin (option D) is important when taking certain medications like anticoagulants or hepatotoxic drugs, but it is not typically associated with antilipemic drugs. These symptoms are more commonly seen with other medication classes. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind specific instructions for medication regimens is essential for nurses to provide safe and effective patient care. By grasping the pharmacological principles behind each instruction, nurses can better educate patients on how to manage their medications and monitor for potential side effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Valproate is an anticonvulsant medication commonly used to treat seizures, epilepsy, and bipolar disorder. It works by increasing levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain and also affects other neurotransmitters. Therefore, the expected outcome of taking Valproate is to decrease seizure activity by stabilizing abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct time to take doxapram (Dopram) is not at bedtime. Doxapram is a respiratory stimulant medication that is usually taken during waking hours to help improve breathing. Taking it at bedtime may interfere with regular sleep patterns and could potentially cause side effects like restlessness or insomnia. It is important for the client to take the medication as directed by their healthcare provider, typically before meals or as prescribed, and not at bedtime.