ATI RN
Fundamentals of Nursing Oxygenation Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient's arterial blood gas shows pH 7.31, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, and HCO3 24 mEq/L. What condition does this indicate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory acidosis. The pH is below the normal range (7.35-7.45), indicating acidosis. The PaCO2 is elevated (normal range 35-45 mm Hg), suggesting respiratory acidosis. The HCO3 is within the normal range, indicating that compensation has not occurred. This scenario is consistent with uncompensated respiratory acidosis. A: Metabolic alkalosis - Incorrect. HCO3 is within the normal range, not elevated as seen in metabolic alkalosis. C: Compensated respiratory acidosis - Incorrect. The HCO3 is not elevated, indicating incomplete compensation. D: Uncompensated metabolic acidosis - Incorrect. The PaCO2 is elevated, indicating a respiratory issue rather than a metabolic one.
Question 2 of 5
What is the nurse's priority for a patient with acute bronchitis and a persistent nonproductive cough?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, encouraging increased fluid intake. This is the priority because it helps to thin and loosen respiratory secretions, making it easier for the patient to cough them up. Adequate hydration also helps to prevent dehydration, which can worsen symptoms. Administering an antitussive (choice A) is not recommended for nonproductive cough as it can suppress the cough reflex and impede clearing of secretions. Teaching about inhaler use (choice C) is important but not the priority in this case. Providing humidified oxygen therapy (choice D) may be necessary in severe cases but is not the priority over addressing hydration.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was hospitalized for increasing shortness of breath and chronic hypoxemia (SaO2 levels of 89% to 90%). In planning for discharge, which action by the nurse will be most effective in improving compliance with discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Arrange for the patient's caregiver to be present during the teaching. Involving the caregiver in the teaching process increases the likelihood of proper understanding and adherence to the discharge instructions. The caregiver can provide additional support and reinforcement for the patient's education, especially in managing COPD symptoms at home. This collaborative approach promotes a more supportive environment for the patient post-discharge. Choice A (Having the patient repeat instructions immediately after teaching) may not be as effective because the patient's understanding and retention of the information may still be limited. Choice B (Patient teaching just before discharge) may not allow enough time for the patient and caregiver to fully grasp and retain the information. Choice D is a duplicate of choice B and does not offer any additional benefit.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who is receiving oxygen therapy is becoming increasingly agitated. What should the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess for signs of hypoxia. When a patient on oxygen therapy becomes agitated, it may indicate hypoxia. Assessing for signs of hypoxia is the priority to ensure the patient's safety and well-being. Other choices are incorrect as notifying the health care provider, reassuring the patient, or assessing blood pressure should come after assessing for hypoxia to address the immediate concern.
Question 5 of 5
A patient who had a total knee replacement is complaining of severe pain in the surgical site. What is the priority intervention?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Administer IV fluids. Severe pain post total knee replacement may indicate hypovolemia due to blood loss during surgery. Administering IV fluids will help restore circulating volume and improve perfusion to the surgical site. Analgesics can address pain but addressing the underlying cause is more important. Early ambulation and dressing change can be important but are not the priority in this scenario.