ATI RN
Psychobiological Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient reports, Nearly every night I awaken feeling frightened after a bad dream. The dream usually involves being hunted by people trying to hurt me. It usually happens between 4 and 5 AM. The nurse assesses this disorder as most consistent with criteria for which problem?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nightmare disorder. This is because the patient describes experiencing frightening dreams that awaken them between 4 and 5 AM, which is characteristic of nightmare disorder. Nightmares are vivid and disturbing dreams that occur during REM sleep, leading to feelings of fear, anxiety, or terror upon waking. The other choices are incorrect because sleep deprivation (A) refers to inadequate quantity or quality of sleep, night terror disorder (C) involves sudden awakening with intense fear and confusion, and REM sleep behavior disorder (D) is characterized by acting out dreams physically during REM sleep.
Question 2 of 5
A night shift worker reports, I'm having trouble getting to sleep after a night's work. I have a hearty breakfast with coffee, read the paper, do my exercises, and then go to bed. However, I just lie awake until it is nearly time to get up to be with my family for dinner. What changes should the nurse suggest? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Drink juice with breakfast rather than coffee. Coffee contains caffeine, which can interfere with sleep. By switching to juice, the night shift worker can avoid the stimulating effects of caffeine and potentially improve their ability to fall asleep. Juice can also provide hydration and essential nutrients without the sleep-disrupting properties of coffee. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: B: Exercise after awakening rather than before - While exercising before bed can be stimulating and interfere with sleep, exercising after awakening may not directly address the issue of sleeplessness after a night shift. C: Turn on the television when going to bed - Watching TV before bed can be stimulating and disrupt sleep patterns, so this choice would likely not help the night shift worker with their sleep troubles. D: Do not read the paper - Reading the paper before bed may be a relaxing activity for some individuals and may not directly contribute to the difficulty in falling asleep after a night shift. It is not as impactful as changing the source of
Question 3 of 5
A 15-year-old was placed in a residential program after truancy, running away, and an arrest for theft. At the program, the adolescent refused to join in planned activities and pushed a staff member, causing a fall. Which approach by nursing staff will be most therapeutic?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct approach, establishing firm limits (B), is the most therapeutic because it provides structure and consistency for the adolescent's behavior. By setting clear boundaries, the nursing staff creates a safe environment and helps the adolescent understand the consequences of their actions. This approach also promotes accountability and teaches appropriate behavior. Planned ignoring (A) would not be effective in this situation as the behavior exhibited by the adolescent, such as pushing a staff member, requires immediate attention and intervention. Neutrally permitting refusals (C) may result in the adolescent feeling enabled to continue displaying disruptive behavior. Coaxing to gain compliance (D) may not address the underlying issues and could potentially reinforce negative behavior patterns. Thus, establishing firm limits is the most appropriate and therapeutic approach in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
An 11-year-old diagnosed with ODD becomes angry over the rules at a residential treatment program and begins cursing at the nurse. Select the best method for the nurse to defuse the situation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because taking the child to the gym and engaging in an activity can help redirect their negative energy into a positive outlet. Physical activity can help release tension and improve mood. It also provides a distraction from the triggering situation and allows the child to calm down in a non-confrontational manner. This approach promotes positive behavior reinforcement and builds a rapport with the child. Ignoring the behavior (A) may escalate the situation. Sending the child to time-out for 2 hours (B) is excessive and may lead to further resistance. Role-playing a more appropriate behavior with the child (D) is beneficial but may not be effective in the heat of the moment.
Question 5 of 5
A child known as the neighborhood bully says, 'Nobody can tell me what to do.' After receiving a poor grade on a science project, this child secretly loaded a virus on the teacher's computer. These behaviors support a diagnosis of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder). This diagnosis fits because the child's behavior demonstrates a pattern of defiance, hostility, and disregard for authority figures. Loading a virus on the teacher's computer is a deliberate act of defiance, and the statement "Nobody can tell me what to do" reflects a persistent pattern of oppositional behavior. Summary: A: CD (Conduct Disorder) involves more severe and persistent antisocial behaviors, such as aggression towards people and animals, destruction of property, and serious rule violations. C: Intermittent Explosive Disorder involves sudden and intense outbursts of aggression that are out of proportion to the stressor. D: ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, but does not fully explain the deliberate and calculated behavior displayed by the child in the scenario.