ATI RN
ATI PN Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient reports having adverse effects with nicotinic acid (niacin). The nurse can suggest performing which action to minimize these undesirable effects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking an aspirin tablet 30 minutes before taking nicotinic acid (niacin) can help minimize flushing and other adverse effects associated with nicotinic acid therapy. Aspirin can help to reduce the vasodilation effects caused by nicotinic acid, thereby decreasing the flushing reaction experienced by the patient. This strategy is commonly recommended to help patients tolerate nicotinic acid therapy better and improve medication adherence.
Question 2 of 5
A 43-year-old Caucasian woman complains that her irises have been darkening. She says that she has been taking a drug for years to treat her glaucoma. Which of the following drugs is most likely causing the increased pigmentation of her irises?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Iris darkening in glaucoma treatment points to Latanoprost , a prostaglandin analog. It increases melanin in iridial melanocytes, a known side effect. Acetazolamide , a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, Epinephrine , Pilocarpine , and Timolol (E) don't cause this. Latanoprost's cosmetic effect is well-documented, fitting her long-term use.
Question 3 of 5
One hour after receiving intravenous morphine sulfate, a patient reports generalized itching. The nurse assesses the patient and notes clear breath sounds, no rash, respirations of 14 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 68 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 110/70 mm Hg. Which action will the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should prepare an epinephrine injection in case of an anaphylactic reaction. While generalized itching is a common side effect of morphine, the presence of itching along with clear breath sounds and absence of rash may suggest a possible allergic reaction. Anaphylactic reactions can be life-threatening and may present with symptoms such as itching, respiratory distress, and cardiovascular collapse. Therefore, having epinephrine readily available is crucial in case an anaphylactic reaction occurs, as it is the treatment of choice for such a reaction.
Question 4 of 5
It is defined as the fraction of drug absorbed by the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bioavailability is defined as the fraction of drug that reaches systemic circulation in an unchanged form after administration. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that reflects the amount and rate of drug absorption. Bioavailability can be influenced by various factors such as the route of administration, drug formulation, and first-pass metabolism. Monitoring bioavailability is important in determining the efficacy and dosage requirements of a drug.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is the most effective in the management of absence seizures?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Absence seizures, brief lapses in consciousness, require specific antiepileptics. Carbamazepine, effective for focal seizures, can worsen absence seizures by enhancing sodium channel activity. Topiramate and clobazam have broader uses but limited efficacy here. Phenytoin suits tonic-clonic, not absence. Ethosuximide reduces T-type calcium currents in thalamic neurons, directly targeting absence seizure mechanisms, making it most effective. Its specificity ensures rapid control, critical for pediatric epilepsy management.