A patient report, “Last night I had several mixed drinks at a party. When I got home, I had difficulty falling sleep. I made two cups of herbal tea with lavender. This morning, I feel very groggy and have a headache.” The nurse should explain that

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because lavender is known to have sedative properties that can enhance the sedation effects of other central nervous system depressants like alcohol. This can result in increased drowsiness and grogginess. Choice A is incorrect because the issue is not about timing of lavender use in relation to alcohol intake, but rather the interaction between lavender and alcohol itself. Choice C is incorrect as herbal teas, including lavender, do not typically cause headaches as a nervous system side effect. Choice D is incorrect as the symptoms described (grogginess, headache) are more indicative of the combined effects of alcohol and lavender, rather than just a typical hangover from alcohol alone.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. This boundary is crucial for the organization of motor and sensory functions in the brain. The frontal lobe is responsible for higher cognitive functions and motor activities, while the parietal lobe processes sensory information such as touch and spatial awareness. Therefore, the central sulcus plays a key role in coordinating motor and sensory functions. Incorrect Choices: A: The temporal and occipital lobes are separated by the lateral sulcus, not the central sulcus. C: Complex motor activities are primarily controlled by the frontal lobe, not the central sulcus. D: Alertness to the environment is regulated by brainstem structures and the reticular activating system, not the central sulcus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amygdala. The amygdala is known to play a crucial role in processing emotions, including fear and anxiety. It is also involved in the perception and processing of odors. The amygdala helps in forming emotional memories and responses to various stimuli. Basal ganglia (B) is primarily involved in motor control, Prefrontal cortex (C) is associated with higher-order cognitive functions, and Wernicke's area (D) is responsible for language comprehension. Therefore, A is the correct choice as it is specifically linked to anxiety and odor perception.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Basal ganglia. The basal ganglia is involved in voluntary motor movements by helping to initiate and control movement. It plays a key role in regulating motor planning, coordination, and execution. The prefrontal cortex, choice B, is primarily responsible for higher cognitive functions such as decision-making and impulse control, not voluntary motor movements. The amygdala, choice C, is involved in emotional processing and memory, not motor movements. The limbic system, choice D, is a collection of brain structures involved in emotions, memory, and motivation, but not specifically in voluntary motor movements.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a poor metabolizer is a patient who processes medications slowly, leading to higher drug levels in the blood. This can increase the risk of toxicity due to the accumulation of the drug. Choice B is a duplicate of A. Choice C is incorrect as poor metabolizers actually have an increased risk of side effects and adverse reactions due to the higher drug levels. Choice D is too extreme and not universally applicable as poor metabolizers may still be prescribed antidepressants with adjusted dosages.