Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the palliative nurse should prioritize encouraging the patient to conserve energy and avoid unnecessary activities (Option B). End-stage heart failure can lead to severe fatigue and limited mobility, making it essential for the patient to conserve energy to prevent exacerbating symptoms and improve quality of life. Engaging in physical therapy (Option A) may not be suitable for a patient experiencing severe fatigue, as it can further drain energy reserves. Prescribing stimulant medications (Option C) may have limited effectiveness and potential side effects. Referring the patient to a nutritionist for dietary modifications (Option D) is important for overall health but may not directly address the immediate comfort and quality of life concerns related to fatigue and limited mobility. Helping the patient prioritize energy conservation will allow them to use their limited energy for essential activities, leading to a more comfortable and fulfilling experience while receiving palliative care for end-stage heart failure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The main goal of ethical practice in the nursing profession, including in the community setting, is centered on the welfare of clients and protecting their rights. Nurses have a professional and ethical obligation to prioritize the well-being and best interests of their patients. This includes providing high-quality care, advocating for their patients, supporting their autonomy, and upholding their rights. Ethical nursing practice is not focused on protecting the nurse or co-workers, preventing reprimand from physicians, or solely meeting the satisfaction of patients' families. Ensuring the welfare and rights of clients is the fundamental ethical principle that guides nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The herbal medicine recommended by the Department of Health for cough is Lagundi (scientific name: Vitex negundo). Lagundi has been found to have properties that can help relieve cough, asthma, and other respiratory conditions. It has been traditionally used as a natural remedy for these purposes and has gained recognition for its effectiveness in managing cough symptoms. Additionally, Lagundi is also known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, further supporting its use in addressing respiratory ailments.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In emergency situations, pregnant women are typically given priority when it comes to transportation to the hospital. This is because they have unique medical needs and potential complications that require immediate attention. It is important to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the unborn child. Additionally, the health and safety of the unborn child are critical considerations in determining priority for medical treatment and transport. Therefore, the pregnant woman should be the priority for the rescue team to transport to the hospital.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hurthle cell carcinoma is a subtype of thyroid cancer that arises from the follicular cells in the thyroid gland. Patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma may present with a painful thyroid nodule, which can be associated with signs of hypothyroidism due to the disruption of thyroid hormone production by the tumor. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealing Hurthle cells with nuclear features suggestive of malignancy is a characteristic finding in this type of carcinoma.