ATI RN
ATI Hematologic System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient receiving blood complains of dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the patient's lungs and finds crackles that were not present before the start of the transfusion. Which type of reaction should the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Circulatory overload. Dyspnea and crackles post-transfusion indicate fluid overload, not an immune response. Step 1: Rule out urticarial (itching/rash) and anaphylactic (rapid onset, hypotension) reactions due to the absence of these symptoms. Step 2: Hemolytic reactions involve destruction of red blood cells, leading to hemoglobinuria and shock. Step 3: Circulatory overload results from an excessive volume of blood given, leading to pulmonary edema and crackles. In this case, the symptoms align with circulatory overload, making it the most likely reaction.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who is being discharged after an emergency splenectomy following an automobile accident. Which instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Patient's immune system is compromised post-splenectomy. Step 2: Washing hands and avoiding ill individuals reduce infection risk. Step 3: Emphasizing infection prevention crucial for patient safety. Summary: A - relates to clotting issues, B - not relevant, C - not immediate concern. Washing hands is most pertinent.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes an aPTT level of 28 seconds. The nurse should notify the health care provider in anticipation of adjusting which medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heparin. An aPTT level of 28 seconds indicates a shorter clotting time than normal, suggesting that the patient may be at risk for bleeding due to excessive anticoagulation with heparin. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider to adjust the heparin dosage to prevent bleeding complications. A: Aspirin is an antiplatelet medication and does not affect aPTT levels. C: Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist and primarily affects the PT/INR levels, not aPTT. D: Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production and does not affect clotting parameters such as aPTT.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a dark-skinned client for pallor. What action is best?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess the conjunctiva of the eye. This is because pallor, which is paleness of the skin, can be difficult to detect on dark skin. The conjunctiva of the eye is a mucous membrane that is not pigmented and can provide a more accurate indication of pallor. Options B, C, and D are not ideal for assessing pallor in a dark-skinned client as they may not show paleness accurately. B is more related to checking for pallor in fair-skinned individuals. C and D are not reliable indicators of pallor in any skin type.
Question 5 of 5
A 6-year-old boy is noted to have worsening visual acuity on serial eye exams. Recent MRI of his brain and orbits reveals an optic chiasm mass, most consistent with an optic pathway glioma. Upon further examination, the physician notes axillary freckling and numerous “spots†on the patient's skin. This patient most likely has a which of the following genetic disorders?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1). This is because the patient presents with optic pathway glioma, axillary freckling, and numerous skin spots, which are classic features of NF1. NF1 is associated with multiple neurocutaneous manifestations, including café-au-lait spots, neurofibromas, and optic pathway gliomas. Li Fraumeni syndrome (B) is a cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by a high risk of developing various cancers, not typically associated with optic pathway gliomas or skin manifestations. Tuberous sclerosis (C) presents with features like facial angiofibromas, cortical tubers, and cardiac rhabdomyomas, not axillary freckling or optic pathway gliomas. Cystic Fibrosis (D) is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system, not associated with the symptoms described in the patient.