ATI RN
ATI Hematologic System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient receiving blood complains of dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the patient's lungs and finds crackles that were not present before the start of the transfusion. Which type of reaction should the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Circulatory overload. This type of reaction occurs when the patient receives blood too quickly, leading to fluid overload in the circulatory system. The dyspnea and crackles are indicative of pulmonary edema, a common symptom of circulatory overload. Urticarial reaction (choice A) presents with hives, not dyspnea. Hemolytic reaction (choice B) involves the destruction of red blood cells, not fluid overload. Anaphylactic reaction (choice C) is a severe allergic reaction that includes symptoms like hives, swelling, and hypotension, but not typically pulmonary edema.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who is being discharged after an emergency splenectomy following an automobile accident. Which instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because after a splenectomy, the patient is at risk for infections due to a compromised immune system. Washing hands and avoiding sick individuals can help prevent infections. A: Watching for excess bruising is not directly related to post-splenectomy care. B: Checking for swollen lymph nodes is not a priority concern for a post-splenectomy patient. C: Taking iron supplements may not be necessary immediately post-splenectomy and should be discussed with the healthcare provider.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes an aPTT level of 28 seconds. The nurse should notify the health care provider in anticipation of adjusting which medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heparin. An aPTT level of 28 seconds is below the therapeutic range for heparin, indicating a subtherapeutic dose. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider to adjust the heparin dosage to achieve the desired anticoagulant effect. Aspirin (choice A) does not affect aPTT levels. Warfarin (choice C) affects PT/INR, not aPTT. Erythropoietin (choice D) is not related to aPTT levels.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a dark-skinned client for pallor. What action is best?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing the conjunctiva of the eye is the best way to assess pallor in dark-skinned individuals. Pallor is difficult to detect on dark skin due to increased melanin. The conjunctiva is a mucous membrane that can show pallor regardless of skin tone. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because examining the hand, mouth, or palpating for swelling are not reliable methods for assessing pallor in dark-skinned individuals.
Question 5 of 5
A 6-year-old boy is noted to have worsening visual acuity on serial eye exams. Recent MRI of his brain and orbits reveals an optic chiasm mass, most consistent with an optic pathway glioma. Upon further examination, the physician notes axillary freckling and numerous “spots†on the patient's skin. This patient most likely has a which of the following genetic disorders?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1). This is because the patient presents with optic pathway glioma, axillary freckling, and numerous skin spots, which are characteristic features of NF1. NF1 is caused by a mutation in the NF1 gene on chromosome 17, leading to the development of various tumors. Li Fraumeni syndrome is associated with multiple cancers but not specifically with optic pathway glioma or skin findings. Tuberous sclerosis presents with facial angiofibromas, cortical tubers, and subependymal nodules, not optic pathway glioma. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system, not associated with the symptoms described in the patient.