ATI RN
Urinary System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient rapidly progressing toward end stage renal disease asks about the possibility of a kidney transplant. In responding to the patient, the nurse knows that contraindications to kidney transplantation include
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Extensive vascular disease impairs graft perfusion, contraindicating transplant not hepatitis C (manageable), CAD (assessable), or hypertension (controllable). This distinguishes vascular viability, critical for transplant success, contrasting with treatable conditions.
Question 2 of 5
For conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate, high energy molecule is required in the form of
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gluconeogenesis converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate using GTP specifically (PEPCK enzyme), not ATP or CTP. This distinguishes energy specificity, key for metabolic pathways, contrasting with broader nucleotide use.
Question 3 of 5
The sites of constrictions of the ureter does not include:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ureter constricts at pelvi-ureteric junction, iliac artery crossing (not gonadal), and intramural/bladder entry not ischial spine (pelvic landmark). This distinguishes ureteral anatomy, key for stone lodging, contrasting with skeletal misplacement.
Question 4 of 5
The hyper-osmolarity of Renal medulla is due to increase content of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medullary hyperosmolarity (countercurrent mechanism) relies on Na+ and urea, not glucose or K+ alone, for urine concentration. This distinguishes osmotic gradient, critical for water reabsorption, contrasting with single solutes.
Question 5 of 5
In Type I Renal Tubular Acidosis, which is the correct statement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type I RTA (distal) features profound hypocitraturia low citrate from acidosis promotes calcium stone formation, key factor. Calcium phosphate, not oxalate, dominates due to high urine pH wrong composition. Findings show hypokalemia and hyperchloremia, not hyperkalemia/hypochloremia electrolyte error. Proximal HCO₃ defect is Type II, not I distal H secretion fails. Hypocitraturia's role distinguishes Type I stone risk, critical for its pathophysiology, unlike stone type, labs, or segment errors.