A patient presents with watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea after consuming contaminated water from a stream during a camping trip. Laboratory tests reveal oocysts in the stool sample. Which of the following parasites is most likely responsible for this infection?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's symptoms of watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea after consuming contaminated water from a stream during a camping trip suggest an infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum. Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that is commonly transmitted through contaminated water sources. Laboratory tests detecting oocysts in the stool sample are characteristic of Cryptosporidium infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The priority nursing intervention in this situation is to first assess the client for signs of urinary retention or bladder distention. Difficulty in emptying the bladder completely and experiencing urinary frequency can be indications of urinary retention, which can lead to bladder distention and possible complications such as urinary tract infection. By assessing the client, the nurse can determine the cause of the issue and implement appropriate interventions. It is crucial to address potential complications promptly to promote the client's health and well-being postpartum. Once the assessment is completed, further interventions such as recommending appropriate measures, like warm compresses or pelvic floor exercises, can be considered based on the assessment findings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Used wet diapers and gloves should be disposed of in a black waste bin. Black waste bins are designated for general waste, which includes non-infectious materials that do not pose a risk of infection to others. Wet diapers and gloves fall under this category as they are considered non-infectious waste. Proper disposal in the black bin helps in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in the healthcare setting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The described presentation of a pruritic, annular rash with central clearing and a raised, scaly border that spreads outward in a centrifugal pattern is characteristic of tinea corporis, commonly known as ringworm. This fungal infection affects the skin and is typically ring-shaped, with a well-defined, slightly raised, and scaly border. The central area often clears as the lesion enlarges peripherally, resembling a ring. It is important to note that ringworm is not caused by a worm but by a fungus. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications applied topically or taken orally, depending on the severity of the infection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nurse Merle has to renew her license on or before January 6, 2022, as that date falls at the end of the standard two-year license renewal cycle for nurses in many jurisdictions. Renewing on or before this date will ensure that Nurse Merle maintains her active licensure status and can continue practicing legally without any interruptions. It is important for healthcare professionals like nurses to stay current with their licensure to uphold professional standards and provide quality care to patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of recurrent fever, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes, and positive heterophile antibody test (Monospot test) is highly indicative of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a member of the herpesvirus family and is a common cause of infectious mononucleosis. The atypical lymphocytes seen on peripheral blood smear are reactive T lymphocytes responding to the EBV infection. The Monospot test detects heterophile antibodies produced in response to EBV infection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate action for the nurse to take when noticing that the patient seems anxious and is avoiding eye contact is to ask the patient if they are feeling anxious and if they would like to talk about it. This approach shows empathy, concern, and openness to addressing the patient's emotional state. By directly acknowledging the patient's behavior and giving them the opportunity to express their feelings, the nurse can create a supportive and caring environment that promotes effective communication and trust between the patient and healthcare provider. It is important to consider the patient's emotional well-being alongside their physical health during consultations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Using aseptic technique and sterile equipment during catheter insertion is crucial for minimizing the risk of infection during bladder catheterization. Aseptic technique involves maintaining a sterile field, washing hands thoroughly, using sterile gloves, and ensuring that all equipment used is sterile. By following these practices, the nurse can prevent introducing bacteria into the urinary tract, reducing the likelihood of infection in the patient. While cleansing the perineal area with antiseptic solutions is important for general hygiene, the priority for infection prevention during catheterization lies in maintaining a sterile environment during the procedure. Administering prophylactic antibiotics is not routinely recommended for catheterization unless there are specific risk factors present.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for a patient with difficulty swallowing due to end-stage ALS and concerns about choking is to refer the patient to a speech therapist for swallowing exercises and techniques (Choice B). Speech therapists are trained to assess and manage swallowing difficulties in patients, especially those with neurodegenerative diseases like ALS. They can provide specific exercises and strategies to help the patient swallow safely and reduce the risk of choking. This intervention focuses on addressing the underlying issue causing the difficulty swallowing and aims to improve the patient's quality of life by enhancing their ability to eat and drink. The other options are not as effective or appropriate in addressing the patient's concerns.