A patient presents with watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea after consuming contaminated water from a stream during a camping trip. Laboratory tests reveal oocysts in the stool sample. Which of the following parasites is most likely responsible for this infection?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite often found in contaminated water sources. This parasite is known to cause watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea in infected individuals. The presence of oocysts in the stool sample is characteristic of Cryptosporidium infection. Other parasitic infections may present with similar symptoms, but in this case, the most likely culprit based on the exposure history and laboratory findings is Cryptosporidium parvum.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Calcium is essential for maintaining strong and healthy bones. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, making them more prone to fractures. Consuming calcium-rich foods such as dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods can help prevent osteoporosis development. Additionally, incorporating calcium supplements under the guidance of a healthcare provider can further support bone health and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Regular intake of adequate calcium is considered a crucial preventive measure for osteoporosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nurse Noli should not advise patients to eat more saturated fats. Saturated fats are known to increase cholesterol levels and can lead to heart disease and other health issues. It is recommended to limit the intake of saturated fats in the diet. Therefore, advising patients to eat more saturated fats goes against the goal of promoting heart-healthy habits. Instead, Nurse Noli should focus on encouraging patients to cut down on salt intake, consume more fruits and vegetables, and eat regular meals to maintain a balanced and healthy diet.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For a preschooler, it is recommended that they get more than 8 hours of sleep each day. Adequate sleep is crucial for their physical development, overall health, and cognitive function. Preschoolers typically need around 10-13 hours of sleep per day to support their growth and development. Getting less than the recommended amount of sleep can lead to issues such as behavioral problems, difficulty concentrating, and poor physical development. Therefore, ensuring that a preschooler gets enough sleep is vital for their physical well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When a client experiences cardiac arrest, their breathing may become insufficient, leading to inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. With reduced CO2 elimination, the level of CO2 in the bloodstream increases, causing respiratory acidosis. This imbalance is characterized by a decrease in blood pH along with an increase in CO2 levels in the blood, resulting in an acidic environment. Respiratory acidosis is the most common imbalance seen in clients who have experienced cardiac arrest, as impaired gas exchange impacts the body's ability to maintain proper acid-base balance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nurse Minda should alert the unit staff to closely observe the fan because the occasional sparking may be a sign of an impending issue that could lead to a more serious problem. By closely monitoring the fan, the staff can ensure the safety of those in the unit and take necessary actions if the situation worsens. It is important to address potential safety hazards promptly to prevent any harm or damage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chest pain, dyspnea, hypotension, and ST-segment elevation on an ECG in the inferior leads are classic signs of an acute myocardial infarction (MI). An acute MI occurs when there is a sudden blockage of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to tissue damage. This causes symptoms such as chest pain due to ischemia, dyspnea due to heart failure, and hypotension due to poor cardiac output. The ST-segment elevation seen on the ECG is indicative of significant myocardial injury. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial in acute MI to prevent further complications and to minimize damage to the heart muscle. It is important to differentiate an acute MI from stable or unstable angina or other cardiovascular disorders, as the management and prognosis vary significantly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient's presenting symptoms of chest pain worsened by inspiration and relieved by sitting forward, with associated DVT in the lower extremity, suggest a high likelihood of pulmonary embolism. Chest pain that worsens with inspiration due to pleuritic involvement is a classic symptom of pulmonary embolism. Additionally, the presence of DVT in the lower extremity represents a risk factor for the development of pulmonary embolism, as clots originating in the deep veins can travel to the pulmonary circulation to cause an obstruction. Patients with pulmonary embolism may also exhibit signs of right heart strain, such as tachycardia, tachypnea, and sometimes hemoptysis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A patient with chronic kidney disease prescribed a low-protein diet should avoid high-protein foods like grilled salmon, lentil soup, and beef stew. Chicken Caesar salad, on the other hand, typically contains a smaller amount of protein compared to the other options. This choice indicates an understanding of the need to limit protein intake while still enjoying a balanced meal. However, it is important to note that the quantity and portion sizes of high-protein ingredients in the salad should also be moderate to comply with a low-protein diet.