A patient presents with watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea after consuming contaminated water from a stream during a camping trip. Laboratory tests reveal oocysts in the stool sample. Which of the following parasites is most likely responsible for this infection?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite often found in contaminated water sources. This parasite is known to cause watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea in infected individuals. The presence of oocysts in the stool sample is characteristic of Cryptosporidium infection. Other parasitic infections may present with similar symptoms, but in this case, the most likely culprit based on the exposure history and laboratory findings is Cryptosporidium parvum.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nurse Minda should alert the unit staff to closely observe the fan because the occasional sparking may be a sign of an impending issue that could lead to a more serious problem. By closely monitoring the fan, the staff can ensure the safety of those in the unit and take necessary actions if the situation worsens. It is important to address potential safety hazards promptly to prevent any harm or damage.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a situation where a patient's temperature is dropping below the normal range during surgery, the nurse should prioritize actively warming the patient to prevent hypothermia. Administering a warming blanket or using a forced-air warming device are effective methods to increase the patient's body temperature and prevent any complications that may arise from hypothermia. Increasing the ambient room temperature can help, but it may not be as direct or effective as applying targeted heat sources to the patient. Documenting the temperature trend in the patient's chart is important for record-keeping purposes, but immediate action to address the dropping temperature is necessary. Continuously monitoring the patient's temperature closely is important, but action should be taken promptly to prevent further decline.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Checking the flow of oxygen is the priority action because it ensures that Sonny is receiving the correct amount of oxygen prescribed by the healthcare provider. Before connecting the flow meter to the oxygen outlet, turning on the oxygen, or attaching the humidifier, it is crucial to verify that the flow rate is appropriate for Sonny's condition. Monitoring and adjusting the oxygen flow will help maintain the desired oxygen saturation levels and prevent potential complications related to oxygen therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acknowledging the patient's emotions and offering empathy and support is the most appropriate response in this situation. It is important for the nurse to show understanding and compassion towards the patient, especially when they are feeling emotional about a recent diagnosis. By acknowledging the patient's emotions, the nurse can create a supportive environment that facilitates open communication and helps the patient feel heard and valued. This approach can also help build trust between the patient and the nurse, leading to better outcomes in terms of patient care and overall well-being. Ignoring the patient's emotions, telling them to stop being emotional, or changing the subject may make the patient feel dismissed or isolated, which could negatively impact their mental and emotional state. Thus, offering empathy and support is key in helping the patient cope with their emotions and navigate through their diagnosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When someone is bitten by a dog, the most important first aid step is to wash the wound thoroughly with running water. This helps to remove any dirt or bacteria from the wound, reducing the risk of infection. Washing the wound with garlic (choice A) is not recommended as it can irritate the skin and may not effectively clean the wound. Feeding the dog (choice B) is not relevant to treating the bite wound. Bleeding the bitten area (choice C) is also not necessary and can actually increase the risk of infection. Therefore, the best advice the nurse should give in case of a dog bite is to wash the wound thoroughly with running water.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To obtain a license to practice, the individual must follow certain steps and fulfill specific requirements. Option A states that she must take the path to any government official, which is not accurate or necessary in the process of obtaining a professional license. The other options provided are correct in the usual process of getting a license: registering in the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), taking the oath of professionals before a member of the Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing (PRBON), and being issued a certificate of Registration (COR) and a profession identification card (PIN).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most appropriate oxygen delivery device for a patient with chronic respiratory failure secondary to severe restrictive lung disease requiring continuous supplemental oxygen is a non-rebreather mask. A non-rebreather mask is designed to deliver high-flow oxygen and is typically used for short-term medical treatment in emergency situations or for critically ill patients. It is ideal for providing the highest concentration of oxygen available for inhalation, making it suitable for patients with severe hypoxemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the firm and midline fundus at three hours postpartum indicates that the uterus is contracting well. The presence of a small constant trickle of blood on perineal inspection suggests ongoing bleeding. This combination of findings is concerning for retained placenta, where a portion of the placenta remains attached to the uterine wall and prevents proper contraction and closure of the blood vessels at the placental site. Retained placenta can lead to postpartum hemorrhage and requires prompt evaluation and intervention to prevent complications. Nurse Kayla should escalate this finding to the healthcare provider for further assessment and management.