A patient presents with symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Laboratory tests reveal hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Which type of diabetes mellitus is the patient most likely experiencing?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient is most likely experiencing Type 1 diabetes mellitus based on the presentation of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, hyperglycemia, and glycosuria. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. This results in high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and glucose spilling into the urine (glycosuria). Patients with Type 1 diabetes often present with the classic symptoms of polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger) due to the body's inability to utilize glucose for energy effectively. Management of Type 1 diabetes typically involves lifelong insulin therapy to maintain blood sugar levels within a target range.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Confidentiality is the ethical principle that requires healthcare providers to keep client information private and not disclose it without the client's consent. When client information is shared beyond the interdisciplinary team without the client's consent, it breaches the trust and privacy expected in the nurse-client relationship. This breach not only violates the ethical principle of confidentiality but also undermines the client's autonomy and right to control their own personal information. Maintaining confidentiality is crucial for building trust and ensuring the well-being of the client.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Convenience sampling involves selecting participants who are readily available or easy to access. In this scenario, choosing to interview nurses who happen to be in the conference room where the activity is scheduled falls under convenience sampling as they are easily accessible at that moment. While convenience sampling may be convenient, it may introduce bias and may not represent the entire population accurately.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should encourage the parents to relate to each twin individually to enhance the attachment process. Building a strong attachment between the parents and each twin individually is vital for their emotional and psychological development. By spending quality one-on-one time with each twin, the parents can foster a unique bond with them, which can positively impact their relationship and overall development. This approach also helps prevent favoritism and ensures that each twin receives the attention and care they need to thrive.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation described is highly suggestive of acute angle-closure glaucoma. This condition typically presents with sudden-onset severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting. The red eye, steamy cornea (due to corneal edema), and mid-dilated, non-reactive pupil (from the unopposed force of the dilator muscle) are classic findings in acute angle-closure glaucoma. The increase in intraocular pressure compromises blood flow to the eye, leading to symptoms of blurred vision and possible visual loss. Immediate management usually involves lowering intraocular pressure with medications or surgical intervention to prevent vision loss. Central retinal artery occlusion, optic neuritis, and corneal ulcer typically present with different clinical features and are not consistent with the described presentation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When following the APA style, the recommended word count for an abstract is typically between 150 to 250 words. An abstract should serve as a concise summary of the main points of a research paper, providing the reader with a preview of the content without going into excessive detail. Keeping the abstract within the specified word range ensures that it effectively captures the essence of the paper while remaining clear and succinct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the early stages of multiple myeloma (MM), abnormal values are often seen in the levels of immunoglobulins. This is due to the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulins (M proteins). These abnormal immunoglobulins can be detected in blood tests and are a key diagnostic feature of MM. Changes in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are not typically early indicators of multiple myeloma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Reviewing and comparing the findings with other researches on the same topic is done mainly by going back to the related literature and studies section of the study. This section provides a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge and research findings related to the topic being studied. By comparing the current findings with what has been previously discovered and reported by other researchers, Nurse Carmi can better analyze and interpret the results within the broader context of the existing body of knowledge. This helps in identifying the significance of the new findings, highlighting potential contributions to the field, and determining areas for further research or discussion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's priority action after applying the surgical dressing is to assess the surgical incision for signs of complications. This includes checking for any signs of infection, excessive bleeding, or other complications related to the surgical site. Early detection of such complications is crucial for ensuring proper healing and preventing serious complications. Once the assessment is done and any issues are addressed, the nurse can proceed with documenting the dressing change, providing instructions to the patient about wound care, and ensuring that the dressing is securely and correctly applied.