A patient presents with sudden-onset severe headache, altered mental status, and focal neurological deficits. Imaging reveals a hemorrhagic lesion within the right basal ganglia. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Intracerebral hemorrhage occurs when there is bleeding directly into the brain tissue, often due to conditions such as hypertension or vascular malformations. The sudden-onset severe headache, altered mental status, and focal neurological deficits described in the patient are typical symptoms of an intracerebral hemorrhage. The location of the hemorrhagic lesion within the right basal ganglia corresponds to the clinical presentation. Ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and transient ischemic attack (TIA) typically have different presentations and imaging findings compared to an intracerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, in this scenario, intracerebral hemorrhage is the most likely cause of the patient's symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues and defective beta cell secretion with loss of insulin. In type 2 diabetes, there is typically not destruction of beta cells from an autoimmune mechanism that leads to lack of insulin and hyperglycemia as seen in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Instead, in type 2 diabetes, the pancreas initially produces insulin, but the body's cells become resistant to its effects. This results in hyperglycemia due to the inability of the body to properly regulate blood sugar levels. Therefore, choice C is not true for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best response is to ask Ms. C why she is running and trotting around the room. This approach is empathetic and allows for open communication to understand her behavior. It is important to gather information before jumping to conclusions or making threats about changing her exercise program or eating habits. By showing concern and curiosity, you can address the situation in a supportive and constructive manner.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for managing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is to administer combination antibiotic therapy targeting the specific resistant pathogens identified in the patient's culture results. MDROs are often resistant to multiple antibiotics, so combination therapy is required to maximize the chances of effectively treating the infection. Identifying the specific pathogens causing the VAP through cultures is crucial in tailoring the antibiotic therapy to target these organisms effectively. Implementing appropriate antibiotic therapy promptly is essential to improve outcomes and prevent further complications in patients with VAP caused by MDROs. Option A is the priority intervention in this case to address the multidrug-resistant nature of the infection and provide targeted treatment for the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The constellation of severe lower abdominal pain, fever, and vaginal discharge in a pregnant woman raises suspicion for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Cervical motion tenderness and adnexal tenderness are classic physical exam findings for PID. The presence of bilateral adnexal masses further supports the diagnosis, as PID can lead to the formation of tubo-ovarian abscesses. Ectopic pregnancy may present with similar symptoms but is less likely in this case as bilateral adnexal masses suggest a more diffuse inflammatory process. Placenta previa would typically present with painless vaginal bleeding in the third trimester, which is not consistent with the symptoms described. Ovarian torsion would present with sudden severe unilateral lower abdominal pain and is less likely to involve both ovaries simultaneously.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary aim of this law is to regulate the practice of professional nursing within the country. By establishing regulations, standards, and guidelines for nursing practice, the law ensures that nurses provide safe and competent care to patients. It also sets forth licensing requirements, scope of practice, and ethical standards to maintain quality and consistency in nursing care delivery. While enhancing the competence of professional nurses, facilitating mobility of nurses, and promoting the well-being of health workers may be important secondary goals, the main focus of the law is to regulate and govern the practice of nursing within the country.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing intervention should prioritize providing education on proper incisional wound care techniques to promote optimal healing of the abdominal incision. This may include instructions on how to clean the incision site, signs and symptoms of infection, and when to seek medical attention. Proper wound care can help prevent complications such as infection and dehiscence, leading to better outcomes for the client. Administering prophylactic antibiotics, encouraging the use of abdominal binders, and instructing the client on activity restrictions are also important interventions, but educating the client on wound care techniques is crucial for their active participation in their recovery process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Corticosteroids, commonly used in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome, can cause various side effects. One of the common side effects of corticosteroids is a loss of appetite. Patients receiving corticosteroid therapy may experience a decreased desire to eat, leading to reduced food intake. Monitoring for changes in appetite is important as a decrease in food intake can impact overall nutrition and may affect the patient's response to treatment. It is essential for the nurse to watch for this side effect to address any potential nutritional concerns and collaborate with the healthcare team to optimize the patient's care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The public health nurse's participation in the essential services that are relevant and accessible to the family and the community includes informing, educating, and empowering the people about health. This is a critical aspect of the role of a public health nurse as it involves engaging with individuals and communities to provide them with accurate information about health promotion, disease prevention, and access to healthcare services. By informing, educating, and empowering the people about health, public health nurses can help individuals and communities make informed decisions about their health and well-being, leading to improved health outcomes and overall community health.