A patient presents with sudden-onset, severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting. On examination, the affected eye appears red, with a steamy cornea and mid-dilated, non-reactive pupil. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The described presentation is classic for acute angle-closure glaucoma. This condition is characterized by sudden-onset severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting. The red eye, steamy cornea (corneal edema), and mid-dilated non-reactive pupil are consistent with acute angle-closure glaucoma. The sudden increase in intraocular pressure leads to impaired aqueous humor outflow, causing these symptoms. Immediate intervention is required to prevent permanent vision loss in such cases. Central retinal artery occlusion would present with sudden painless vision loss. Optic neuritis typically presents with vision loss and pain with eye movements. Corneal ulcer presents with eye discomfort, foreign body sensation, and may have a history of corneal trauma or contact lens wear.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The salivary glands are responsible for the production of saliva, which aids in lubricating the oral cavity and initiating the digestion of carbohydrates. Saliva contains enzymes that begin the digestive process by breaking down carbohydrates into simpler sugars. The liver is involved in the production of bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver, which is released into the small intestine. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a patient with a suspected spinal injury is found unconscious, the priority action is to secure the airway without jeopardizing the cervical spine. A jaw thrust maneuver is the appropriate technique to open the airway in this situation because it allows for the maintenance of neutral alignment of the cervical spine while ensuring proper ventilation. Moving the patient to a flat surface or applying a cervical collar could potentially worsen the spinal injury if not done correctly, and checking for responsiveness should only be done after ensuring a patent airway. Therefore, the safest and most effective initial action is to perform a jaw thrust maneuver to establish a clear airway.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the assessment of a conscious trauma patient, the appropriate sequence of steps is to follow the ABCDE approach: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure. 1. **Airway**: Assessing the airway is crucial as any obstruction can quickly lead to respiratory distress or failure. It takes precedence in order to ensure the patient can breathe effectively. 2. **Breathing**: After ensuring the airway is clear, the next step is to assess breathing. This involves checking for adequate ventilation and signs of respiratory distress. 3. **Circulation**: Once airway and breathing are addressed, circulation should be evaluated. This includes assessing the patient's pulse, blood pressure, and signs of shock. 4. **Disability**: Disability assessment involves evaluating the patient's neurological status, including level of consciousness, pupil response, and motor function. This step helps determine the extent of any potential head or spinal cord injuries. 5. **Exposure**: Finally, exposure involves fully assessing the patient for any additional injuries by removing clothing and thoroughly examining the body. **Educational Context**: The ABCDE approach is a systematic method used in emergency situations to ensure that critical issues are addressed promptly. It is essential for nurses and healthcare providers to follow this sequence to prioritize care effectively and provide the best outcomes for trauma patients. **Why the other options are wrong**: - Option B (CABDE) and Option C (BACDE) are incorrect as they do not follow the standard ABCDE sequence, which can lead to delays in addressing critical issues. - Option D (EDCAB) is also incorrect as it starts with exposure, which should be the final step in the assessment process. Starting with exposure can lead to overlooking immediate life-threatening issues. In conclusion, understanding and applying the ABCDE approach in the assessment of trauma patients is vital for healthcare providers to deliver timely and effective care in emergency situations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Naloxone is a medication used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose by binding to opioid receptors and displacing the opioids. Administering naloxone intravenously is the recommended intervention for managing a patient with a suspected opioid overdose as it can quickly reverse respiratory depression, sedation, and other effects of opioids. This intervention can be life-saving in cases of opioid overdose and is a critical step in the management of such patients. Providing respiratory support with bag-valve-mask ventilation may be necessary in addition to naloxone administration to ensure adequate oxygenation, but naloxone remains the primary intervention to reverse the effects of opioids. Encouraging the patient to drink fluids rapidly or administering benzodiazepines for sedation are not recommended interventions for managing a suspected opioid overdose.