A patient presents with redness, pain, and photophobia in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination reveals ciliary injection, corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with fixed reaction to light. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation described in the question is characteristic of anterior uveitis. Anterior uveitis is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body in the eye. Patients typically present with symptoms such as redness, pain, and photophobia. Slit-lamp examination findings include ciliary injection (redness and engorgement of blood vessels in the ciliary body), corneal edema (swelling of the cornea), and a mid-dilated pupil with a fixed reaction to light due to involvement of the iris muscles. These features differentiate anterior uveitis from other conditions. Treatment of anterior uveitis may involve topical steroids and cycloplegics to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: X-ray is the most appropriate imaging modality for evaluating wrist involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. It can show joint space narrowing, erosions, soft tissue swelling, and periarticular osteopenia. X-rays are readily available, cost-effective, and provide valuable information about joint damage and disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis. In this case, X-ray would be able to confirm the presence of erosions, joint deformities, and assess the severity of the disease in the wrist joint. While MRI and ultrasound can also be helpful in evaluating rheumatoid arthritis, X-ray remains the initial imaging modality of choice due to its convenience and ability to assess bony changes. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is not indicated for evaluating wrist involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Negligence is the failure to take proper care in doing something, which results in harm or injury to someone else. In this scenario, the client falling out of bed because side rails were not used indicates a lack of proper care or attention by the staff or caregiver responsible for the client. It shows a failure to protect the client from harm, which aligns with the definition of negligence. This situation does not fit the definitions of a felony, battery, or assault.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Helping the family recognize the problem is the most appropriate intervention to assist them in performing health tasks. By recognizing the problem, the family can better understand the need for action and be motivated to take steps to address it. This intervention enables the family to become more engaged in their healthcare decision-making process and enhances their ability to effectively manage their health tasks. It empowers them to seek appropriate health resources and make informed choices in promoting their health and well-being. Ultimately, by acknowledging the problem, the family is better equipped to initiate positive changes and improve their overall health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response is "Because of the normal pooling of blood in the vagina when the woman lies down to rest or sleep." This phenomenon occurs due to gravity when a woman lies down, and the blood tends to pool at the top of the vagina. When she first arises from bed, the pooled blood is released, resulting in a gush of blood. This is a normal physiological process and not typically a cause for concern.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In hypovolemic shock, isotonic electrolyte solutions are commonly used for fluid replacement to restore the circulating blood volume. The commonly used isotonic electrolyte solutions for this purpose are 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) and lactated Ringer's solution.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The sensation of feeling "heavy" in the perineal area postpartum is a common concern due to the stretching and potential trauma to the perineal muscles during childbirth. Kegel exercises are specifically designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which can help alleviate this sensation of heaviness. By encouraging the client to perform Kegel exercises regularly, the nurse is promoting the restoration and strengthening of the perineal muscles, ultimately helping the client feel more comfortable and supported in that area. This education empowers the client to take an active role in their own recovery and promotes optimal healing postpartum.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Autonomy is the ethical principle that upholds an individual's right to make decisions about their own medical treatment, free from coercion or undue influence. In this scenario, the 70-year-old patient has voluntarily decided not to have the pacemaker inserted despite the physician's recommendation. The fact that the decision is respected by the family further highlights the importance of autonomy in this situation. Respecting the patient's right to make choices regarding their own healthcare, even if it goes against medical advice, demonstrates a commitment to autonomy as an ethical principle.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The presentation described is consistent with fungal keratitis. Fungal keratitis typically presents with a yellowish-white spot on the cornea, surrounded by a ring of inflammation. The filamentous opacities seen on slit-lamp examination are characteristic of fungal hyphae extending from the corneal lesion. This condition is often associated with risk factors such as trauma with vegetable matter, contact lens wear, or topical corticosteroid use. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antifungal medications are essential to prevent complications and preserve vision.