ATI RN
Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks Questions
Question 1 of 9
A patient presents with recurrent episodes of sudden, severe vertigo lasting hours, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus. Vestibular function tests demonstrate unilateral weakness. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's presentation of recurrent episodes of sudden, severe vertigo lasting hours with nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus, along with unilateral weakness on vestibular function tests, is most consistent with vestibular neuritis. Vestibular neuritis is characterized by inflammation of the vestibular nerve leading to sudden onset vertigo that can last for hours to days. It is often associated with nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus. Unilateral weakness on vestibular function tests indicates dysfunction of one vestibular system. Differential diagnosis for this type of presentation includes other conditions such as Meniere's disease, BPPV, and acoustic neuroma. However, the combination of symptoms and unilateral vestibular weakness makes vestibular neuritis the most likely diagnosis in this case.
Question 2 of 9
A patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Laboratory tests reveal hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms of polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (excessive hunger) are classic signs of diabetes mellitus. In this case, the presence of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (glucose in the urine) further support the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Insulin deficiency or resistance in diabetes leads to impaired glucose utilization and excessive glucose in the bloodstream, causing the classic symptoms observed in the patient. Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and Cushing's syndrome do not typically present with the hallmark symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
Question 3 of 9
Baby Sharon was placed on phototherapy. What precaution should Nurses Juvy observe?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a baby is placed on phototherapy, especially for treating jaundice, it is crucial for the nurses to put sunglasses on the newborn to protect their eyes. Phototherapy involves exposing the baby's skin to certain types of light to help break down the bilirubin causing the jaundice. However, this light can be harmful to the baby's sensitive eyes, potentially leading to eye damage or other eye-related issues if not protected adequately. Therefore, placing sunglasses on the newborn is a necessary precaution to ensure the safety and well-being of the baby's eyes during the treatment.
Question 4 of 9
A patient with a history of chronic liver disease presents with bruising, petechiae, and mucosal bleeding. Laboratory tests reveal prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with decreased platelet count. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition characterized by widespread activation of coagulation leading to both thrombosis and hemorrhage. In patients with chronic liver disease, especially in the setting of advanced cirrhosis, DIC can develop due to factors such as decreased synthesis of coagulation factors and impaired clearance of activated clotting factors. The patient in this scenario presents with signs of both abnormal bleeding (bruising, petechiae, mucosal bleeding) and laboratory findings consistent with DIC, including prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) along with decreased platelet count.
Question 5 of 9
A 28-year-old woman presents with lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia, and dysmenorrhea that worsens during menstruation. On pelvic examination, tender nodules are palpated along the uterosacral ligaments. Which condition is most likely to be responsible for these findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The clinical presentation of lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse), dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and tender nodules along the uterosacral ligaments is highly suggestive of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that lines the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, commonly on the pelvic organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the peritoneum. The characteristic tender nodules along the uterosacral ligaments are known as "nodularity" and are a classic finding in endometriosis.
Question 6 of 9
The assessment of the patient with ingested poison must include________. I. determining the poison ingested and the amount II the time from ingestion and the signs and symptoms III. weight of the patient IV. Patient's immunization history
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The assessment of a patient who has ingested poison must include determining the poison ingested and the amount (I), the time from ingestion and the signs and symptoms (II), as well as the weight of the patient (III). These factors are essential in evaluating the severity of the poisoning and determining the appropriate treatment plan. However, the patient's immunization history (IV) is not directly relevant to the assessment of ingested poison and thus is not essential in this context.
Question 7 of 9
The nursing team plans to do chart audit project on post-op patients who and developed pressure sores at the Orthopedic unit over the past year to present. What type of audit is?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A retrospective audit involves reviewing past cases or data to evaluate processes, outcomes, or compliance with standards. In this scenario, the nursing team plans to audit post-op patients who developed pressure sores over the past year at the Orthopedic unit. By looking at historical data from the past year, the audit is considered retrospective as it assesses what has occurred over a specified period. This type of audit helps identify trends, patterns, and areas for improvement based on past events.
Question 8 of 9
A patient admitted to the ICU develops acute pancreatitis with severe abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's pancreatitis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The priority intervention in managing acute pancreatitis is to administer intravenous fluids to maintain adequate hydration. Acute pancreatitis can lead to significant fluid loss and dehydration due to factors such as vomiting and third-spacing of fluids into the retroperitoneal space. Adequate hydration helps to optimize perfusion to the pancreas, prevent hypovolemic shock, and support overall organ function. This intervention also aids in flushing out inflammatory mediators and preventing complications such as acute kidney injury. Monitoring fluid status and adjusting the rate of intravenous fluid administration based on the patient's response is crucial in the management of acute pancreatitis. While other interventions such as imaging studies, nutritional support, and gastric acid suppression may be important in managing acute pancreatitis, ensuring adequate hydration is the most critical initial step.
Question 9 of 9
Some common examples of screening tests are the following, EXCEPT ________.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: While urinalysis can provide valuable information about a person's health status and can be part of a clinical assessment, it is not typically considered a common screening test for specific diseases or conditions. The other options listed - Pap smears for cervical cancer screening, cholesterol levels for heart disease screening, and PSA levels for prostate cancer screening - are all commonly used screening tests aimed at early detection of specific diseases. Urinalysis is more commonly used as part of a broader health assessment or diagnostic evaluation rather than a dedicated screening tool for a specific condition.