A patient presents with noticeable swelling in the neck area and difficulty breathing. Which key observation should be prioritized during the neck examination to assess the underlying issue?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Trachea position. This is the key observation to prioritize during the neck examination because in a patient presenting with noticeable swelling in the neck area and difficulty breathing, a deviated trachea indicates a potential emergency situation such as a mediastinal mass or tension pneumothorax. Assessing the trachea position helps in identifying any life-threatening conditions that may be causing the respiratory distress. A: Thyroid fullness may indicate thyroid issues, but in this case, the focus should be on the trachea position due to the acute presentation of difficulty breathing. B: Pulsation may be relevant in other contexts but is not the priority when assessing a patient with difficulty breathing and neck swelling. C: Respiratory difficulty is already mentioned in the patient presentation, and the focus should be on identifying the cause of this difficulty, which is best assessed by evaluating the trachea position.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lisinopril. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor commonly prescribed for patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease. It helps to reduce blood pressure and protect the kidneys by dilating blood vessels and improving blood flow. Furosemide (B) is a diuretic used to treat fluid retention but not specifically indicated for chronic kidney disease. Metoprolol (C) is a beta-blocker primarily used for heart conditions. Spironolactone (D) is a potassium-sparing diuretic and is not the first-line treatment for hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dry mouth and skin. Dehydration in older adults can lead to dry mouth and skin due to the lack of proper hydration. This is an early sign as the body starts to lose water. Weight gain (A) is not indicative of dehydration, as it typically occurs with fluid retention. Decreased urine output (C) is a later sign of dehydration, as the body conserves water. Increased thirst (D) is a response to dehydration but not an early sign. Therefore, dry mouth and skin are the most relevant early indicators of dehydration in older adults.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a calm environment with minimal stimulation. This intervention is most likely to reduce agitation in a client with dementia because excessive stimulation can overwhelm and confuse them, leading to increased agitation. By creating a calm environment with minimal stimuli, the client can feel more relaxed and less agitated. Summary: B: Increasing social activities may actually worsen agitation as it can be overwhelming for a client with dementia. C: While social engagement is important, too many visitors can increase agitation. D: Providing a variety of activities may lead to confusion and frustration instead of reducing agitation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reducing sodium intake. High sodium intake can lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure. By reducing sodium intake, blood pressure can be effectively managed. Increasing intake of fatty foods (B) can contribute to heart disease and worsen hypertension. Limiting physical activity (C) can lead to weight gain and higher blood pressure. Reducing fiber in the diet (D) can negatively impact overall health and increase the risk of hypertension.