A patient presents with multiple, flesh-colored, papular lesions with a central dell on the face and trunk. The lesions have a tendency to bleed upon minor trauma and have been increasing in number over time. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The description of multiple flesh-colored papular lesions with a central dell that tend to bleed upon minor trauma and have been increasing in number over time is characteristic of basal cell carcinoma. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer and typically presents as pearly or flesh-colored papules with telangiectasias (tiny blood vessels) and a characteristic central dell or ulceration. This type of skin cancer often occurs on sun-exposed areas like the face and trunk and can manifest as slow-growing lesions that may bleed easily with minor trauma. In contrast, squamous cell carcinoma typically presents as a scaly or crusted lesion, seborrheic keratosis is a benign skin growth with a waxy, stuck-on appearance, and actinic keratosis is a precancerous lesion characterized by rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the patient to hold their breath for at least 10 seconds after inhaling the medication from the ipratropium bromide inhaler. This allows the medication to reach deep into the lungs and be more effective. Holding the breath also helps reduce the risk of side effects such as throat irritation. It is essential for optimal drug delivery and therapeutic effect.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best approach for the nurse in this situation is to listen actively to the patient's religious beliefs, respect their autonomy, and explore alternative treatment options. It is important for the nurse to understand and acknowledge the patient's perspective, even if it conflicts with the recommended treatment plan. By showing respect for the patient's beliefs and involving them in the decision-making process, the nurse can work collaboratively with the patient to find a solution that aligns with their religious beliefs while also addressing their medical needs. This approach promotes patient-centered care and helps build a trusting and therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A profession is characterized by having a body of knowledge, a code of ethics, and engaging in research. However, being a member of a professional organization is not a defining characteristic of a profession. While many professionals may choose to join professional organizations for networking, support, and career advancement reasons, membership in such organizations is not universally required or exclusive to being considered a professional in a particular field. Hence, the presence or absence of professional organization membership does not determine the professional status of an individual.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The term "collaborative" best fits the situation where a member of the Research Committee wishes to conduct a study involving an interdisciplinary team of colleagues. Collaboration refers to individuals, in this case, researchers or professionals from different disciplines coming together, sharing their expertise, and working collectively towards a common goal or project. In an interdisciplinary study, involving a collaborative approach enhances the diversity of perspectives, skills, and knowledge brought to the research, leading to more comprehensive and well-rounded outcomes. This type of study fosters cooperation, communication, and synergy among team members, thereby promoting innovation and understanding across different areas of expertise.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the provided scenario, the patient is scheduled for Lithotripsy under spinal anesthesia. This means that the nurse needs to communicate with the department of anesthesia to coordinate and prepare for the procedure. Anesthesia departments are responsible for administering various types of anesthesia, including spinal anesthesia, to ensure patients are comfortable and pain-free during medical procedures. Therefore, contacting the department of anesthesia is crucial in this situation to ensure that the necessary arrangements are in place for the patient's lithotripsy procedure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A directional hypothesis predicts the direction of the relationship between variables. In this case, the statement "A significant relationship exists between the caring behaviors of the staff-nurses and degree of satisfaction of ostomized patients" clearly indicates the direction of the expected relationship. This hypothesis suggests that there will be a positive or negative relationship between the caring behaviors of staff nurses and the satisfaction of ostomized patients. The terms "significant relationship" and "degree of satisfaction" indicate that the hypothesis is specific and measurable, making it suitable for testing through research methods.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: It is crucial to have a complete set of surgical instruments for any surgical procedure to ensure patient safety and the success of the surgery. If the nurse notices that the surgical instrument tray is incomplete, the best course of action is to inform the sterile processing department immediately. By doing so, the missing instruments can be promptly provided, ensuring that the surgical team has all the necessary tools for the procedure. Proceeding with the procedure using incomplete instruments can compromise patient safety and the quality of care provided. Documenting the missing instruments in the surgical count log is important for record-keeping purposes but should not delay the immediate action of requesting additional instruments. Borrowing instruments from another OR is not recommended as it can create confusion, potential cross-contamination, and disrupt the workflow of another surgical team.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Methotrexate is a medication commonly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is known to have potential hepatotoxic effects, meaning it can harm the liver. Monitoring liver function tests (such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin levels) is essential to detect any liver damage early on during methotrexate therapy. By closely monitoring liver function tests, healthcare providers can assess the medication's impact on the liver and determine if any dose adjustments or discontinuation of the drug is necessary to prevent further liver damage. Regular monitoring of liver function tests helps ensure the safe and effective use of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.