A patient presents with generalized weakness, headache, and difficulty concentrating. Laboratory tests reveal normocytic normochromic anemia, normal iron studies, and elevated serum erythropoietin levels. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient in this scenario presents with normocytic normochromic anemia, normal iron studies, and elevated serum erythropoietin levels. These findings are characteristic of anemia of chronic disease, which is commonly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD, there is a decrease in renal production of erythropoietin, leading to reduced stimulation of erythropoiesis and subsequent anemia. The normocytic normochromic anemia pattern is typical in anemia of chronic disease, as opposed to microcytic hypochromic anemia seen in iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia. Aplastic anemia is characterized by pancytopenia, which is not described in the scenario. Therefore, the most likely cause of the patient's presentation is chronic kidney disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's presentation of gradual-onset memory loss, confusion, difficulty with complex tasks, disorientation, and functional decline are all classic features of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in the brain, leading to widespread neuronal damage and cognitive decline. As the disease progresses, patients typically experience worsening memory loss, cognitive impairment, and deficits in activities of daily living, ultimately requiring full-time care and assistance. Other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and frontotemporal dementia may present with cognitive impairment and behavioral changes, but the specific constellation of symptoms described in the case is most indicative of Alzheimer's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate response from the nurse when a patient expresses frustration with the treatment plan proposed by the healthcare team is to empathize with the patient's frustration and explore their concerns further. It is important to actively listen to the patient, acknowledge their feelings, and address any questions or uncertainties they may have about the treatment plan. By engaging in open communication and demonstrating empathy, the nurse can foster a therapeutic relationship with the patient and work towards finding a solution that is mutually agreeable and beneficial for the patient's well-being. Dismissing the patient's concerns (Option A) or ignoring their frustration (Option C) can lead to a breakdown in communication and trust, which may ultimately impact the patient's compliance with the treatment plan. Similarly, telling the patient that they have no choice but to follow the treatment plan (Option D) can be perceived as dismissive and confrontational, which is not conducive to promoting patient-centered care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's best approach to address a patient's concerns about the potential side effects of a prescribed medication is to provide the patient with accurate information about potential side effects and management strategies. It is important for the nurse to acknowledge the patient's concerns, listen attentively, and offer clear explanations to help alleviate any fears or uncertainties. Providing accurate information can empower the patient to make informed decisions about their healthcare and feel more confident in taking the prescribed medication. Dismissing or ignoring the patient's concerns can lead to mistrust and non-adherence to the treatment plan. It is essential for the nurse to prioritize open communication and patient education to ensure the patient's well-being and compliance with the prescribed medication regimen.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's best approach to address the patient's fear of needles before a blood draw is to provide the patient with information about relaxation techniques and distraction methods (Option B). Dismissing the patient's fear (Option A), ignoring the fear and proceeding quickly (Option C), or telling the patient that the fear is irrational and unfounded (Option D) would not be helpful and could potentially escalate the patient's anxiety. Providing information on relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or visualization, as well as distraction methods like listening to music or engaging in conversation, can help the patient feel more comfortable and reduce their fear and anxiety during the blood draw procedure. It is important for the nurse to acknowledge and address the patient's concerns in a supportive and empathetic manner to build trust and ensure a successful blood draw experience.