ATI RN
Adult Health Nursing Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient presents with foul-smelling diarrhea containing cysts upon microscopic examination. Which of the following parasites is most likely responsible for this infection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic protist known to cause amoebiasis, a gastrointestinal infection that can lead to symptoms such as foul-smelling diarrhea containing cysts. Upon microscopic examination of the feces, the presence of Entamoeba histolytica cysts is a key diagnostic feature. This parasite can be transmitted through contaminated food or water, and individuals infected with Entamoeba histolytica may experience abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and weight loss. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to manage this infection and prevent complications.
Question 2 of 5
A pregnant woman presents with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and dark red vaginal bleeding at 28 weeks gestation. On examination, the uterus is tender, and the fundus feels firm. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most likely cause of the sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and dark red vaginal bleeding with a tender, firm uterus at 28 weeks gestation is abruptio placentae. Abruptio placentae, also known as placental abruption, is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before delivery. This condition can be life-threatening to both the mother and the fetus, as it can lead to severe bleeding and compromise the oxygen and nutrients supply to the fetus. The presentation typically includes severe abdominal pain, dark red or maroon vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, and a firm uterus due to the blood accumulation behind the placenta. Prompt recognition and intervention are crucial to prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
A pregnant woman presents with severe lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. On examination, cervical motion tenderness and unilateral adnexal tenderness are noted, along with an adnexal mass on the affected side. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of severe lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding in a pregnant woman, along with cervical motion tenderness, unilateral adnexal tenderness, and an adnexal mass on the affected side, is highly concerning for an ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. The presence of an adnexal mass and tenderness on one side is indicative of potential tubal involvement and can mimic symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease. Prompt evaluation and management are crucial in ectopic pregnancy to prevent life-threatening complications associated with rupture of the fallopian tube.
Question 4 of 5
A woman in active labor is experiencing meconium-stained amniotic fluid. What is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meconium-stained amniotic fluid indicates that the fetus may have passed stool in utero, which can lead to potential respiratory problems once born due to meconium aspiration. The priority action for the nurse in this situation is to prepare for immediate delivery to expedite the removal of the fetus from the contaminated environment and provide necessary interventions such as suctioning of the airway to prevent aspiration of meconium. Prompt delivery is crucial to minimize the risk of complications related to meconium aspiration syndrome. Administering oxygen, inserting a urinary catheter, and notifying the neonatal resuscitation team can be important subsequent actions, but the immediate focus should be on delivering the baby.
Question 5 of 5
A woman in active labor is receiving intravenous antibiotics for group B streptococcus (GBS) prophylaxis. What maternal assessment finding indicates a potential adverse reaction to the antibiotics?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urticaria (hives) and pruritus (itching) are common signs of an allergic reaction to antibiotics, including those used for GBS prophylaxis during labor. Other signs of an adverse reaction may include flushing, fever, chills, and anaphylaxis. It is important to monitor the woman closely for any signs of an allergic reaction and to intervene promptly if one occurs to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.