A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and exertional dyspnea. Laboratory tests reveal severe anemia, low serum iron, low transferrin saturation, and elevated total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of fatigue, pallor, exertional dyspnea along with the laboratory findings of severe anemia, low serum iron, low transferrin saturation, and elevated TIBC are consistent with iron deficiency anemia. In iron deficiency anemia, there is inadequate iron available for erythropoiesis leading to microcytic hypochromic anemia. The low serum iron and transferrin saturation, along with the elevated TIBC, indicate decreased iron stores and increased iron-binding capacity as the body tries to compensate for the deficiency by increasing absorption and recycling of iron. Anemia of chronic disease typically presents with mild to moderate anemia, normal to low TIBC, and low transferrin saturation due to iron sequestration in macrophages. Sideroblastic anemia usually has elevated serum iron, high saturation, and normal to low TIBC. Thalassemia presents with microcytic hyp

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient's presentation of sudden-onset weakness and sensory loss on one side of the body, along with difficulty speaking and understanding speech that partially resolved within one hour, is consistent with a transient ischemic attack (TIA). TIAs are caused by temporary disruption of blood flow to a part of the brain, leading to transient neurological symptoms. Unlike an ischemic stroke, which results in permanent damage to brain tissue due to prolonged interruption of blood flow, TIAs are transient and resolve within 24 hours. Hemorrhagic strokes and subarachnoid hemorrhages typically present with sudden, severe headaches, and may not improve or resolve quickly as seen in this case.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When communicating with a patient from a different cultural background, the nurse should prioritize recognizing and respecting the patient's cultural beliefs and practices. This is essential in providing culturally competent care, fostering trust and rapport with the patient, and ultimately improving health outcomes. By acknowledging and understanding the cultural context of the patient, the nurse can adapt communication strategies, address the patient's needs effectively, and avoid misunderstandings or misinterpretations. Building a culturally sensitive approach can enhance the quality of care and strengthen the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When communicating with a patient experiencing delirium, the nurse's priority is to provide clear and simple explanations to minimize confusion. Delirium can cause disorientation, confusion, and impaired cognitive function, making it difficult for the patient to understand complex information. Using simple language and clear explanations can help the patient better comprehend the situation and reduce anxiety. It is essential for the nurse to speak calmly, use reassuring gestures, and maintain a supportive presence to effectively communicate with a delirious patient. This approach can help establish a sense of trust and foster a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship during the challenging experience of delirium.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's best response in this situation is to listen actively to the patient's concerns, acknowledge the inconvenience they are experiencing, and offer support. It is essential to validate the patient's feelings and show empathy towards their frustration. By actively listening and addressing the patient's concerns, the nurse can help alleviate some of their frustration and build a positive rapport with the patient. This approach demonstrates respect for the patient's feelings and promotes effective communication in the healthcare setting. Dismissing or ignoring the patient's frustration can lead to further dissatisfaction and impact the quality of care provided.