ATI RN
jarvis physical examination and health assessment 9th edition test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient presents with decreased hearing related to antibiotic use. Which class of antibiotics is this?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aminoglycosides. Aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity, resulting in decreased hearing. They are known to damage the sensory cells in the inner ear. Beta-lactams (B) and Cephalosporins (C) are not associated with hearing loss. Macrolides (D) can rarely cause hearing loss but are not as commonly linked to ototoxicity as aminoglycosides.
Question 2 of 5
The addition of benzoyl peroxide to erythromycin for the topical treatment of acne:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C is correct: 1. Benzoyl peroxide has antibacterial properties. 2. Combining benzoyl peroxide with erythromycin reduces bacterial resistance. 3. This combination therapy prevents the development of resistance to erythromycin. 4. Therefore, the risk of resistance to erythromycin is decreased. Summary: - Choice A is incorrect as benzoyl peroxide does not directly improve the efficacy of erythromycin. - Choice B is incorrect as desquamation is not directly affected by the addition of benzoyl peroxide. - Choice D is incorrect as there is no evidence to suggest that benzoyl peroxide increases the time a patient can be exposed to sunlight.
Question 3 of 5
The most appropriate medication indicated for reversing the anticoagulated effects of dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa) is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Idarucizumab is a specific reversal agent for dabigatran, directly binding to dabigatran to neutralize its anticoagulant effects. 2. Vitamin K is ineffective for dabigatran reversal, as it mainly works on reversing the effects of vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants like warfarin. 3. Protamine sulfate is used for heparin reversal, not for direct thrombin inhibitor reversal like dabigatran. 4. Fondaparinux is a factor Xa inhibitor and not effective for reversing the effects of dabigatran.
Question 4 of 5
When palpating the prostate gland during the rectal exam, the prostate feels tender, swollen, boggy, and warm. This finding is consistent with:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acute bacterial prostatitis. This is because the symptoms of tenderness, swelling, bogginess, and warmth are indicative of an acute inflammatory process, which is commonly seen in acute bacterial prostatitis. This condition typically presents with localized prostate tenderness and inflammation due to a bacterial infection. Other choices are incorrect because: A) A normal prostate gland should not exhibit these signs of inflammation. C) Benign prostatic hyperplasia is typically asymptomatic or may present with obstructive urinary symptoms, not acute inflammatory signs. D) Carcinoma of the prostate usually does not present with acute inflammatory findings on palpation.
Question 5 of 5
The earliest clinical manifestation of diabetic nephropathy is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Microalbuminuria. In diabetic nephropathy, the earliest clinical manifestation is the presence of microalbuminuria, which indicates early kidney damage. This occurs before significant changes in BUN, creatinine, or glomerular filtration rate are observed. Microalbuminuria is a key indicator for monitoring and early intervention in diabetic nephropathy. Incorrect Options: A: An elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - BUN levels may rise in later stages of kidney damage. B: An elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CR) - These markers typically increase as kidney function declines, not in the early stages. C: A decreased glomerular filtration rate - GFR decreases as kidney function worsens, not typically an early sign in diabetic nephropathy.