ATI RN
Adult Health Nursing Test Banks Questions
Question 1 of 9
A patient presents with chronic low back pain and radicular symptoms radiating down the leg. MRI reveals a herniated disc at the L5-S1 level with compression of the adjacent nerve root. Which surgical procedure is commonly performed to decompress the nerve root and alleviate symptoms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A discectomy is a surgical procedure commonly performed to decompress the nerve root by removing a portion of the herniated disc that is pressing on the nerve. In cases of herniated discs causing radicular symptoms (such as pain radiating down the leg), a discectomy can help alleviate the compression on the nerve, reduce symptoms, and improve the patient's condition. This procedure involves removing the portion of the disc that is herniated or bulging out to relieve pressure on the nerve root, allowing for improved function and reduced pain. Spinal fusion, laminectomy, and foraminotomy are other surgical procedures that are not typically performed for the direct decompression of the nerve root in cases of herniated discs at a specific level like the L5-S1 level.
Question 2 of 9
The PRIORITY nursing action of the nurse for Jose due for oxygen therapy is _____.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The PRIORITY nursing action of the nurse for Jose due for oxygen therapy is to turn on the oxygen. Ensuring that the oxygen is turned on is the necessary first step before any other actions can be effective in delivering oxygen to the patient. Without oxygen being turned on, all other steps such as attaching the humidifier, connecting tubing, or adjusting the flow rate would be ineffective in providing the necessary oxygen therapy to the patient. Therefore, turning on the oxygen is the most crucial initial step to take in this situation to ensure that the patient receives the needed oxygen promptly and safely.
Question 3 of 9
Because Mr. Steve cannot pay for his medical bills, he is referred to the social worker. which of the following rights is applicable in this case the right to_______.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The right to considerate and respectful care irrespective of socio-economic status is applicable in this case because Mr. Steve is facing financial difficulties in paying for his medical bills. This right ensures that all patients receive proper treatment and care regardless of their ability to pay. It emphasizes that every individual deserves to be treated with dignity and respect, regardless of their financial situation. In Mr. Steve's case, being referred to a social worker due to inability to pay should not impact the quality of care and respect he receives from healthcare providers.
Question 4 of 9
Ramon died at 10:00 PM. His father cried much and refused to move Ramon 's body. What is the APPROPRIATE approach of the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The appropriate approach of the nurse in this situation would be to talk about the reality of death with the father. It is important to provide appropriate and compassionate communication, acknowledging the father's grief while also gently guiding him towards accepting the reality of the situation. By discussing the reality of death and offering support, the nurse can help the father start the grieving process and eventually come to terms with the loss of his son. It is important to provide emotional support and guidance in a sensitive and respectful manner during such a difficult time.
Question 5 of 9
Which imaging modality is most commonly used to diagnose fractures of the long bones, such as the femur or tibia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: X-ray is the most commonly used imaging modality to diagnose fractures of the long bones, such as the femur or tibia. X-rays are readily available, fast, cost-effective, and provide detailed images of the bone structures. Fractures appear as breaks or discontinuities in the bone on X-ray images, making it an excellent tool for diagnosing bone fractures. In many cases, X-rays are sufficient to confirm the presence, location, and type of fracture, allowing for appropriate treatment planning. Other imaging modalities like MRI and CT scans may be used for further evaluation in complex cases, but X-ray remains the initial and primary choice for diagnosing long bone fractures.
Question 6 of 9
Which of the following statements BEST describes Public Health Nursing?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Public Health Nursing is a specialized field of nursing that focuses on promoting and protecting the health of populations and communities rather than individuals. One of the key principles of Public Health Nursing is the emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention strategies. This involves educating and empowering individuals, families, and communities to adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyles in order to prevent illness and improve overall well-being. Public Health Nurses work to address the root causes of health disparities and advocate for policies and programs that promote the health of entire populations. While providing care to sick individuals may be a component of Public Health Nursing, the primary focus is on preventing illness and promoting health at the community level.
Question 7 of 9
Sandro is taking pemoline (Cylert) for ADHD. The nurse must be aware of which of the following side effects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pemoline (Cylert) is a central nervous system stimulant used in the treatment of ADHD. One of the significant potential side effects of pemoline is hepatotoxicity, which can manifest as elevated liver function test results. Therefore, the nurse must monitor the patient's liver function regularly while they are taking pemoline to monitor for any signs of liver damage or dysfunction. It is essential to educate the patient about the signs and symptoms of liver problems, such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), abdominal pain, nausea, or dark urine, and to report any such symptoms immediately to their healthcare provider. Regular monitoring and early detection of liver function abnormalities can help prevent severe liver damage in patients taking pemoline.
Question 8 of 9
A patient with a history of chronic liver disease presents with easy bruising and prolonged bleeding from minor cuts. Laboratory tests reveal prolonged PT and aPTT, and mixing studies show correction of coagulation times with normal plasma. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the production of several clotting factors in the liver, including factors II, VII, IX, and X. In a patient with chronic liver disease, impaired liver function can lead to decreased synthesis of these clotting factors. As a result, there is an underlying deficiency of these clotting factors, leading to prolonged PT (prothrombin time) and aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time). The mixing studies showing correction with normal plasma further support the diagnosis of a factor deficiency rather than an inhibitor, which helps in ruling out conditions like DIC or hemophilia.
Question 9 of 9
A patient with hypertension is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with ACE inhibitors?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most commonly associated adverse effect with ACE inhibitors is a dry cough. This cough is non-productive and can be quite bothersome for patients, often leading to non-compliance with the medication. The cough is thought to be due to the accumulation of bradykinin and substance P, which are vasodilatory and bronchoconstrictive peptides that are normally degraded by ACE. When ACE is inhibited, these peptides accumulate and can lead to irritation of the respiratory tract, resulting in the dry cough. It's important for healthcare providers to be aware of this common side effect and consider alternative medications if the cough becomes problematic for the patient.