A patient presents with chest pain, dyspnea, and a friction rub heard on auscultation. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows diffuse ST-segment elevation. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The clinical presentation of chest pain, dyspnea, and a friction rub heard on auscultation is suggestive of pericarditis. The diffuse ST-segment elevation seen on the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a classic finding in pericarditis, known as the "universal sign." In contrast, stable angina typically presents with chest pain on exertion that is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, while unstable angina presents with chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion. Acute myocardial infarction would typically present with ST-segment elevation in specific leads correlating with the area of myocardial ischemia/infarction. However, in the context of diffuse ST-segment elevation and symptoms suggestive of inflammation (friction rub), the most likely diagnosis is pericarditis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ménière's disease is characterized by the triad of symptoms including progressive sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. The audiometric testing in Ménière's disease often shows a "carrot-shaped" configuration, which refers to low-frequency hearing loss initially and eventually spreading to involve higher frequencies. This distinctive pattern of hearing loss helps differentiate Ménière's disease from other causes like Presbycusis (age-related hearing loss) or Noise-induced hearing loss. Acoustic neuroma can present with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss but typically does not exhibit the specific "carrot-shaped" configuration seen in Ménière's disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best thing to do next is to turn off the fan immediately. The fact that the electric fan is stopping every now and then and sparking at intervals indicates a potential electrical issue or malfunction. This situation poses a safety hazard as it increases the risk of an electrical fire or damage to the fan. Turning off the fan immediately will help prevent any further damage or potential danger. After turning off the fan, it would be advisable to call for maintenance to inspect and repair the fan to ensure it is safe to use again.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The formulation of a vision and mission statement in a health facility is an essential aspect of leadership and management. A well-crafted vision and mission statement provide the organization with a clear direction and purpose, guiding management and health personnel in their daily activities. It helps in aligning individual goals with organizational objectives, fostering teamwork, and enhancing overall performance. Effective leadership and management ensure that the vision and mission are communicated effectively, understood by all stakeholders, and implemented throughout the organization to achieve quality standards. By setting the tone for organizational culture and values, leadership and management play a crucial role in shaping the quality of care and services provided by the health facility.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The described presentation of a pruritic, annular rash with central clearing and a raised, scaly border that spreads outward in a centrifugal pattern is characteristic of tinea corporis, commonly known as ringworm. This fungal infection affects the skin and is typically ring-shaped, with a well-defined, slightly raised, and scaly border. The central area often clears as the lesion enlarges peripherally, resembling a ring. It is important to note that ringworm is not caused by a worm but by a fungus. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications applied topically or taken orally, depending on the severity of the infection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous condition of the cervix characterized by the presence of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. These abnormal cells are often classified as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) on cytology. CIN is not yet cervical cancer but can progress to invasive cancer if left untreated. LSIL is indicative of mild dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1), which is considered a precancerous lesion. Therefore, the presence of abnormal cervical cells classified as LSIL is more likely to be associated with CIN rather than cervical cancer, cervicitis, or cervical polyps.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Albuterol (salbutamol) is a short-acting beta agonist bronchodilator commonly used for quick relief of bronchoconstriction in patients with COPD. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, allowing for easier breathing and improved airflow. The patient's increased dyspnea, wheezing, and productive cough are indicative of bronchoconstriction, and albuterol is the most appropriate medication to provide rapid bronchodilation and symptom relief in this situation. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is an antihistamine and not typically used for bronchodilation in COPD. Montelukast (Singulair) is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that may be used in the maintenance treatment of COPD but is not the initial choice for acute symptom relief. Prednisone is a cortic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The type of pregnancy test is not a factor that should be considered by the nurse or the pregnant woman in interpreting the results of a pregnancy test. Factors such as the last menstrual period, previous pregnancy history, and menstrual cycle length play a crucial role in determining the reliability and accuracy of the pregnancy test results.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The appropriate nursing intervention in this case is to encourage the mother to walk to facilitate labor progression. The patient is in early labor with contractions every 5 minutes, lasting 45 seconds each, and her cervix is dilated to 3 cm. Encouraging the mother to walk can help gravity assist the descent of the baby and promote cervical dilation. Walking can also help alleviate some discomfort and encourage labor progression. It is important to promote natural, non-invasive methods to support the progress of labor before considering medical interventions such as oxytocin or cesarean section. Relaxation techniques can also be beneficial in managing pain during labor.