A patient presents with chest pain at rest, unrelated to exertion, and not relieved by nitroglycerin. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows ST-segment depression. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Unstable angina is characterized by chest pain at rest, which is not relieved by nitroglycerin. The ECG findings in unstable angina typically show ST-segment depression or T-wave inversion. It is considered a medical emergency as it can progress to a myocardial infarction. Stable angina, on the other hand, is chest pain or discomfort that occurs with exertion and is relieved by rest or medications like nitroglycerin. Acute myocardial infarction would typically present with ST-segment elevation on ECG, while Prinzmetal's angina is characterized by transient ST-segment elevation due to coronary artery vasospasm.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Restlessness caused by pain often manifests as increased perspiration and constant change of position. When a person is in pain, they may become sweaty or clammy due to increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Additionally, they may constantly shift or fidget in an attempt to find a more comfortable position that can alleviate the pain they are experiencing. Therefore, it is crucial for Nurse Chona to accurately document these behaviors as signs of pain-related restlessness. Difficulty of breathing (Option A), increased respiratory rate and blood pressure (Option B), and increased heart rate (Option C) are more indicative of hypoxia or respiratory distress rather than pain-related restlessness.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct approach for formulating statements of findings in a study is to extract meanings and themes from significant statements. This involves analyzing the data collected, identifying patterns or themes that emerge from the responses, and then formulating statements that encapsulate these findings. By doing so, the researcher can accurately capture the essence of the data and present meaningful conclusions based on the analysis. This process goes beyond merely summarizing or describing the responses and delves deeper into the interpretations and implications of the findings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that develops in plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cells involved in the body's immune response. As a result, multiple myeloma primarily affects the hematologic system, which includes the blood and blood-forming tissues. This cancer typically arises in the bone marrow and can lead to an overproduction of abnormal plasma cells, which can crowd out healthy blood cells. Symptoms of multiple myeloma can include anemia, bone pain, recurrent infections, fatigue, and kidney problems, all of which are related to the hematologic system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the individual described is "Ineffective individual coping." This is because the individual has been facing challenges in both academic (failing math class) and personal (substance dependence) aspects of his life. The repeated failures in his math class and the substance dependence for three years indicate that he might be struggling to cope with stressors and challenges in his life effectively. By identifying this nursing diagnosis, the nurse can focus on helping the individual develop effective coping strategies to manage and overcome these difficulties.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is given pre-operatively to decrease intra-operative anesthetic requirements and post-operative pain. It is a common analgesic that can help reduce the amount of intra-operative anesthesia needed and provide some pain relief during the surgery. Unlike drugs like Celebrex, Ibuprofen, and Demerol, Acetaminophen does not have anti-inflammatory properties, but it is effective in managing pain and can contribute to overall pain control before, during, and after surgery. This makes it a preferred choice for pre-operative medication in order to decrease the need for higher doses of anesthetics and reduce post-operative pain levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is a common cause of secondary osteoporosis. Chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis can lead to bone loss due to increased osteoclast activity and decreased bone formation. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at an increased risk for developing osteoporosis, resulting in decreased bone density and increased fracture risk. Monitoring and managing bone health is an important aspect of care for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis to help prevent osteoporosis-related complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Option D demonstrates an effective communication technique used by the unit manager because it focuses on discussing strategic approaches to improve the delivery of nursing services while also considering cost effectiveness for the consumers. By emphasizing the need for strategic planning and efficient service delivery, the manager is promoting a proactive and solution-oriented approach rather than simply stating potential negative outcomes or making abrupt decisions like in the other options. This approach fosters more open communication, collaboration, and problem-solving within the team, ultimately leading to better outcomes and team morale.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In order to understand and interpret a message accurately, it is essential to consider the context in which it was delivered. Context provides the necessary background information, setting, and circumstances that give meaning and relevance to the message being communicated. Without context, it can be challenging to fully grasp the intention and significance of the communication. While the other options (process, phrases and sentences, thoughts and feelings) play roles in communication, it is the context that ultimately helps to give meaning and context to the message being conveyed.