A patient presents with a thyroid nodule and signs of hyperthyroidism. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy reveals spindle-shaped cells and psammoma bodies. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The presence of spindle-shaped cells and psammoma bodies on fine-needle aspiration biopsy is characteristic of follicular thyroid carcinoma. This type of thyroid cancer can present as a thyroid nodule associated with signs of hyperthyroidism due to the release of thyroid hormones from the cancerous thyroid cells. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition that typically presents with hypothyroidism, while Graves' disease is another autoimmune disorder that results in hyperthyroidism but is not associated with the presence of spindle-shaped cells and psammoma bodies in this context. Papillary thyroid carcinoma may also present with thyroid nodules, but it is more commonly associated with papillary structures and nuclear features rather than spindle-shaped cells seen in follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The behavior of repetitive cleaning in someone diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder is likely an attempt to decrease the anxiety to a tolerable level. People with OCD often engage in compulsive behaviors, such as cleaning, in an effort to alleviate the distress and anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts. This repetitive action provides a sense of control and temporary relief from the anxiety associated with their obsessive thoughts. By engaging in cleaning rituals, individuals with OCD can try to reduce their anxious feelings and create a sense of order and cleanliness in their environment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The demographic profile of a population encompasses various aspects, including size, distribution, composition, and change over time.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Right to Information pertains to the patient's right to be informed about their condition, treatment plan, and to have access to relevant medical information. It does not include specific details about payment or insurance coverage, such as the extent to which payment may be expected from PhilHealth. While financial information is important for patients, it does not fall under the scope of the Right to Information in a healthcare context, which focuses more on medical information and decision-making processes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Respect for persons is an ethical principle that emphasizes the autonomy and freedom of individuals to make their own decisions regarding participation in research studies. In the context of human subjects research, this principle requires that individuals have the right to choose whether or not to participate in a study, without any coercion or manipulation. The principle of respect for persons also includes the concept of informed consent, where individuals must be provided with all necessary information about the study in order to make an informed decision about participation. Overall, respecting the autonomy and choices of individuals is a fundamental aspect of ethical research conduct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a patient describes their pain as a 5 on the pain assessment scale, it indicates severe pain and the need for a strong pain medication. Morphine Sulphate is a potent opioid analgesic that is commonly used to manage severe pain, such as in cases where the pain is rated as 5. Meperidine HCl (Demerol) is another opioid analgesic, but it is not as commonly used due to its side effect profile and potential for toxicity. Fentanyl (Duragesic) is also a potent opioid analgesic that can be used for severe pain, but morphine is often preferred in this situation. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a milder pain reliever and is not typically sufficient for pain described at a level of 5 on the pain scale.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation described is consistent with anterior uveitis. Anterior uveitis involves inflammation of the iris and ciliary body. Patients typically present with symptoms such as redness, pain, photophobia, and blurred vision. The slit-lamp examination findings of ciliary injection (redness and dilation of blood vessels in the iris and ciliary body), corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with a fixed reaction to light (due to ciliary muscle spasm causing decreased accommodation) are characteristic of anterior uveitis. This condition is often idiopathic but can be associated with various systemic diseases like ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and other autoimmune disorders. Treatment involves addressing the inflammation with topical corticosteroids and, in some cases, cycloplegic agents to reduce pain and inflammation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The professional conduct of doctors, nurses, and other healthcare providers in health facilities primarily aligns with patient care standards. This quality standard ensures that healthcare professionals prioritize the well-being, safety, and comfort of the patients they serve. Patient care standards encompass various aspects of healthcare delivery, including effective communication, compassionate treatment, adherence to medical protocols, and respect for patient rights and confidentiality. By upholding patient care standards, healthcare providers demonstrate their commitment to delivering quality care and maintaining the trust and confidence of their patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rehabilitation prior to discharge is best described as a period of ups and downs, physically and emotionally because it involves the recovery process after an illness, injury, or medical procedure. It is a challenging time where the patient may experience setbacks and improvements on their journey back to health. There can be physical challenges such as regaining strength and mobility, as well as emotional challenges like coping with the changes in their condition. Therefore, the rehabilitation process is often not smooth and can be a rollercoaster of progress and setbacks, both physically and emotionally.