A patient presents with a thyroid nodule and compressive symptoms such as difficulty swallowing and breathing. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy reveals colloid nodules. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths of thyroid cells that form a lump within the thyroid gland. When a thyroid nodule becomes large enough, it can cause compressive symptoms such as difficulty swallowing and breathing. The presence of colloid nodules on fine-needle aspiration biopsy indicates a benign and common type of thyroid nodule. In this case, the symptoms are likely due to the physical pressure exerted by the thyroid nodule, rather than an underlying endocrine disorder like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, or diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the most likely cause of the patient's symptoms is the thyroid nodule itself.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Battery occurs when there is an intentional harmful or offensive contact with a person without their consent. In this scenario, Nurse Edna applied a body restraint to the patient without the doctor's order, which constitutes unauthorized physical contact. The patient did not give consent for the restraint, and Nurse Edna's action could be considered battery. It is important for healthcare providers to obtain proper authorization before using any form of physical restraint on a patient to avoid legal implications such as battery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A profession is characterized by having a body of knowledge, a code of ethics, and engaging in research. However, being a member of a professional organization is not a defining characteristic of a profession. While many professionals may choose to join professional organizations for networking, support, and career advancement reasons, membership in such organizations is not universally required or exclusive to being considered a professional in a particular field. Hence, the presence or absence of professional organization membership does not determine the professional status of an individual.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's symptoms of watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea after consuming contaminated water from a stream during a camping trip suggest an infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum. Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that is commonly transmitted through contaminated water sources. Laboratory tests detecting oocysts in the stool sample are characteristic of Cryptosporidium infection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: It is crucial to have a complete set of surgical instruments for any surgical procedure to ensure patient safety and the success of the surgery. If the nurse notices that the surgical instrument tray is incomplete, the best course of action is to inform the sterile processing department immediately. By doing so, the missing instruments can be promptly provided, ensuring that the surgical team has all the necessary tools for the procedure. Proceeding with the procedure using incomplete instruments can compromise patient safety and the quality of care provided. Documenting the missing instruments in the surgical count log is important for record-keeping purposes but should not delay the immediate action of requesting additional instruments. Borrowing instruments from another OR is not recommended as it can create confusion, potential cross-contamination, and disrupt the workflow of another surgical team.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention to facilitate fetal rotation in a woman experiencing persistent occiput posterior position is to assist the mother into a hands-and-knees position. This position can help encourage the baby to rotate into the optimal occiput anterior position for delivery. By being on her hands and knees, gravity can assist in aiding the rotation of the baby. This position can also help relieve pressure on the mother's back and potentially reduce discomfort during labor. Additionally, hands-and-knees position can help open up the pelvis and create more space for the baby to turn. It is a non-invasive and generally well-tolerated intervention to promote fetal rotation in labor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Morbidity refers to the state of being diseased or unhealthy, which is not directly related to population growth. On the other hand, fertility, mortality, and migration are three fundamental demographic variables that significantly influence population growth. Fertility refers to the ability of a population to produce offspring, mortality deals with death rates within a population, and migration involves the movement of individuals into or out of a particular area. These three variables play crucial roles in shaping the size and composition of a population over time.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When planning for a client's care, a primary consideration is to prevent problems related to immobility. Immobility can lead to a range of complications such as pressure ulcers, muscle weakness, joint contractures, and decreased circulation. To maintain the client's overall health and well-being, it is essential to address mobility issues and implement strategies to prevent complications associated with immobility. By prioritizing interventions that promote movement and prevent immobility-related problems, the client's quality of life can be improved and potential health risks mitigated.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation described in the question is classic for anterior uveitis. Anterior uveitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the iris and ciliary body and is characterized by redness, pain, and photophobia. Slit-lamp examination typically reveals ciliary injection (redness around the iris), corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with a fixed reaction to light due to inflammation causing spasm of the iris muscles. Acute angle-closure glaucoma would present with similar symptoms but would also have increased intraocular pressure, which is not mentioned in the presentation. Endophthalmitis is an infection of the intraocular cavities and would typically present with more severe symptoms, such as severe pain, vision loss, and presence of pus in the eye. Corneal abrasion would present with pain, foreign body sensation, and possibly tearing but would not cause ciliary injection or fixed pupil reaction as