A patient presents with a moon face, truncal obesity, hypertension, purple straiae, buffalo hump, fragile skin and impaired glucose tolerance. The opposite of the current increased levels of the prime hormone involved in this patient is seen in:

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Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Questions

Question 1 of 5

A patient presents with a moon face, truncal obesity, hypertension, purple straiae, buffalo hump, fragile skin and impaired glucose tolerance. The opposite of the current increased levels of the prime hormone involved in this patient is seen in:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Identify the symptoms described in the patient: Moon face, truncal obesity, hypertension, purple striae, buffalo hump, fragile skin, impaired glucose tolerance. Step 2: These symptoms are classic for Cushing's syndrome, which is caused by excess cortisol. Step 3: The opposite of increased cortisol levels is decreased cortisol levels. Step 4: Addison's disease is characterized by adrenal insufficiency, leading to decreased cortisol levels. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is A: Addison's disease. Summary: - B: Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla, causing excess catecholamines, not related to cortisol. - C: Hyperaldosteronism is excess aldosterone production, not related to cortisol. - D: Cushing's syndrome is characterized by excess cortisol, not the opposite.

Question 2 of 5

Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parathyroid and thyroid. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which increases blood calcium levels by promoting calcium release from bones and increasing calcium absorption in the intestines. The thyroid gland produces calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone breakdown and increasing calcium excretion by the kidneys. The adrenal medulla and pancreas do not play a direct role in regulating calcium levels. Testes are not involved in calcium regulation. The thymus is responsible for developing T-cells and does not have a role in calcium regulation.

Question 3 of 5

The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gonadal glands. These glands differ between males and females in terms of the hormones they secrete. In males, the gonadal glands (testes) produce testosterone, while in females, the gonadal glands (ovaries) produce estrogen and progesterone. Adrenal glands (A) secrete hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are not gender-specific. Parathyroid glands (B) regulate calcium levels and are not gender-specific. Pancreas (D) secretes insulin and glucagon, which are also not gender-specific. Therefore, the key difference in secretions between males and females lies in the gonadal glands.

Question 4 of 5

Which of the following explains the suppression of lactation during pregnancy?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. During pregnancy, high levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit lactation by suppressing the release of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production. Estrogen and progesterone maintain the pregnancy and prevent premature labor, so the body prioritizes their functions over lactation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because low blood prolactin levels, human placental lactogen levels, and fetal adrenal gland's estriol production are not directly related to the suppression of lactation during pregnancy.

Question 5 of 5

Thyroid hormone exerts its influence by ________.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because thyroid hormone is a lipid-soluble hormone that can diffuse across the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors within the nuclei. This binding activates gene transcription, leading to various metabolic effects. Choice B is incorrect because thyroid hormone actually has a significant impact on body metabolism. Choice C is incorrect as thyroid hormone does not directly affect blood vessel adrenergic receptors or blood pressure. Choice D is incorrect as thyroid hormone actually acts to increase basal metabolic rate, not decrease it.

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