A patient presenting with chronic pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding will be evaluated for what conditions? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer: A,B,D

Rationale: The correct answer includes endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and uterine polyps due to their association with chronic pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding. Endometriosis causes inflammation and scarring, leading to pain and abnormal bleeding. Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause pain and heavy periods. Uterine polyps are overgrowths of the endometrial lining that can result in heavy bleeding. Ovarian cysts, although they can cause pelvic pain, are not typically associated with heavy menstrual bleeding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fallopian tube. Cilia are hair-like structures that line the fallopian tube to help move the egg from the ovary to the uterus. This movement is crucial for fertilization to occur. The other choices, A, B, and D, are incorrect because cilia are not typically abundant in the urinary tract, intestinal tract, or male reproductive ducts, respectively. These regions do not require the same kind of movement facilitated by cilia in the fallopian tube.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stratified squamous - tongue. The tongue is lined with stratified squamous epithelium to protect against mechanical stress and abrasion due to its constant movement and exposure to food. Simple columnar epithelium lines the corneal epithelium. Transitional epithelium is found in the urinary system, not the Fallopian tube. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is typically found in the respiratory tract, not the vocal cords.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hyaline cartilage. This type of cartilage is found at the ends of long bones in synovial joints because it provides a smooth surface for articulation, reducing friction and allowing for smooth movement. Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage in the body and is characterized by its glassy appearance and ability to withstand compressive forces. Fibrocartilage (choice A) is found in intervertebral discs and has more collagen fibers, making it tougher but less flexible than hyaline cartilage. Elastic cartilage (choice B) contains more elastic fibers and is found in structures like the external ear and epiglottis, providing flexibility and resilience. Cellular cartilage (choice D) is not a recognized type of cartilage and is an incorrect choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct: 1. During early development, all embryos possess indifferent genitalia. 2. Androgen hormones, like testosterone, influence the differentiation of these structures. 3. The presence of androgen hormones leads to the development of male genitalia. 4. Lack of androgen results in the development of female genitalia. 5. This process occurs after fertilization, not during fertilization. In summary, choice D is correct as the phenotypic sex is determined by the activity of androgen hormones on the indifferent genitalia post-fertilization. Choices A and B are incorrect because sex determination occurs post-fertilization, not during fertilization. Choice C is incorrect as the SRY gene typically plays a role in sex determination but is not the primary factor influencing the phenotypic sex.