A patient on diuretic therapy calls the clinic because he™s had the flu, with terrible vomiting and

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement by the nurse is to instruct the patient to "stop taking the diuretic for a few days, and then restart it when you feel better." This is because the patient has been experiencing vomiting due to influenza, which can cause dehydration. Continuing the diuretic while experiencing such significant fluid loss can lead to further dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. It is important for the patient to pause the diuretic temporarily to allow the body to recover and then resume once the vomiting has subsided and hydration has improved. It's always best for patients to follow specific instructions given by healthcare providers in such situations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) is a diuretic that can cause electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia (low potassium levels). Digitalis (digoxin) is a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions, and its therapeutic effect is dependent on adequate potassium levels. If a patient taking hydrochlorothiazide becomes hypokalemic and then takes digitalis, it can lead to an increased risk of digitalis toxicity. This severe interaction highlights the importance of monitoring potassium levels and potential drug interactions when patients are taking hydrochlorothiazide. Potassium supplements would help counteract the potassium loss caused by hydrochlorothiazide and minimize the risk of interactions with digitalis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The unlabeled use for a medication refers to a use that is not approved by regulatory agencies but has shown effectiveness in clinical practice. In this case, the unlabeled use for a medication might be to treat PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder). While the medication may not be specifically indicated for this condition, it may have shown benefits in managing the symptoms of PTSD based on clinical experience or research studies. It is important to note that using a medication for an unlabeled use should always be done under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pentamidine (Pentam) is a medication used for the treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS. A known side effect of pentamidine therapy is ocular toxicity, including retinal damage. The nurse must closely monitor the client for signs and symptoms of retinal toxicity, such as changes in vision, eye pain, or sensitivity to light. Regular ophthalmologic evaluations may also be necessary to detect any ocular complications early and prevent permanent damage. Hence, observing for signs of retinal damage is crucial while the client is on pentamidine infusion therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patients with peptic ulcers should stop taking NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) because NSAIDs can worsen the condition and increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcer perforation. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which normally helps protect the stomach lining. Therefore, patients with peptic ulcers should avoid NSAIDs and consult their healthcare provider for alternative pain management options.