A patient on diuretic therapy calls the clinic because he’s had the flu, with “terrible vomiting and diarrhea,” and he has not kept anything down for 2 days. He feels weak and extremely tired. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient's symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and extreme tiredness indicate severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, which can be dangerous. The nurse should advise the patient to come into the clinic for evaluation to assess his condition, rehydrate him, and check for any complications. This is crucial as the patient may need intravenous fluids and electrolyte replacement therapy. Choice A is incorrect because taking the diuretic with sips of water may not be sufficient to address the dehydration and electrolyte imbalance caused by the flu. Choice B is incorrect because stopping the diuretic abruptly can lead to further electrolyte imbalances and complications. Choice C is incorrect because increasing the dosage of the diuretic without evaluating the patient's condition could worsen the electrolyte imbalance and dehydration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the substances listed interact with ion channels. Sodium channel blockers inhibit sodium influx, calcium channel blockers block calcium entry, and potassium channel activators enhance potassium efflux. A and B specifically target ion channels, while C indirectly influences ion channels through potassium activation. Therefore, all choices align with ion channel interactions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the choice of a local anesthetic for specific procedures should consider multiple factors, including the duration of action (A), water solubility (B), and the capability of rapid penetration through the skin or mucosa with limited diffusion away from the site of application (C). Duration of action is important for ensuring adequate pain relief during the procedure, water solubility affects the onset of action and tissue penetration, and limited diffusion helps in maintaining the anesthetic effect at the target site. Therefore, considering all these factors collectively ensures the most appropriate choice of local anesthetic for a specific procedure. Choices A, B, and C on their own do not encompass all the essential considerations for selecting a local anesthetic, making them incorrect.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Atropine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. 2. It competes with pilocarpine and choline esters for the muscarinic receptors. 3. By binding to the receptors, atropine blocks the excessive stimulation. Summary: - A: Edrophonium is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, not a muscarinic receptor antagonist. - C: Pralidoxime is used to treat organophosphate poisoning, not muscarinic receptor overstimulation. - D: Echothiophate is a long-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, not a muscarinic receptor antagonist.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Succinylcholine is the correct answer because it is a depolarizing agent with an extremely brief duration of action. It rapidly metabolizes by plasma cholinesterase, leading to a short duration of effect. Mivacurium, Rocuronium, and Rapacuronium are non-depolarizing agents with longer durations of action due to their mechanisms of action and metabolism, making them incorrect choices.