ATI RN
jarvis physical examination and health assessment 9th edition test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient often seems to have difficulty coming up with the right words. He says, "I was on my way to work, and when I got there, the thing that you step into that goes up was so full that I decided to take the stairs.' The nurse will note on his chart that he is using or experiencing:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Circumlocution. This patient is using circumlocution, which is a communication strategy where a person describes something in a roundabout way instead of using the specific word. In this case, the patient is describing an elevator as "the thing that you step into that goes up." This is a common feature of language difficulties seen in conditions like aphasia. A: Blocking is when a person suddenly stops speaking in the middle of a sentence due to an inability to recall a word, which is not happening in this scenario. B: Neologism is the creation of new words or phrases, which is not evident here. D: Circumstantiality is a speech pattern where the person includes unnecessary details and goes off on tangents, which is not demonstrated in the patient's response.
Question 2 of 5
A 35-year-old pregnant woman comes to the clinic for her monthly appointment. During assessment, the nurse notices that she has a brown patch of hyperpigmentation on her face. The nurse continues the skin assessment aware that another finding may be:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Linea nigra. This is a common finding during pregnancy due to hormonal changes causing hyperpigmentation on the abdomen. The other choices are incorrect because keratosis refers to a skin condition characterized by rough, scaly patches; melasma is a condition causing dark patches on the skin, often due to hormonal changes; and linea gravida is not a recognized term in dermatology. Therefore, based on the context of the patient being pregnant and presenting with hyperpigmentation on her face, the most likely finding would be Linea nigra, a dark line that runs from the navel to the pubic bone during pregnancy.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is experiencing dizziness, blurred vision, and nausea. The nurse should first assess the patient's:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Blood pressure. Dizziness, blurred vision, and nausea can be symptoms of hypotension or hypertension. Assessing the patient's blood pressure first is crucial to determine if the symptoms are related to blood pressure fluctuations. Electrolyte levels (A) and blood glucose levels (C) may be assessed later but do not address the immediate concern. Temperature and respiratory rate (D) are important assessments but are not the priority in this scenario where cardiovascular status needs to be evaluated first.
Question 4 of 5
A 40-year-old woman presents to the clinic with complaints of fatigue and weight gain. On assessment, the nurse finds that the patient has cold intolerance, dry skin, and a slow heart rate. The nurse suspects:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypothyroidism. In this case, the patient's symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, and slow heart rate are indicative of hypothyroidism. The thyroid gland is underactive, leading to decreased production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism. These symptoms align with the typical clinical presentation of hypothyroidism. Other choices are incorrect because hyperthyroidism (choice A) would present with symptoms like weight loss, heat intolerance, and a fast heart rate. Cushing's syndrome (choice C) and Addison's disease (choice D) are both conditions related to the adrenal glands and would have different symptom presentations compared to what is described in the case scenario.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a history of hypertension and reports a new onset of headaches, nausea, and dizziness. The nurse should be most concerned about which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertensive crisis. The nurse should be most concerned about this option because the patient has a history of hypertension and is experiencing new onset symptoms such as headaches, nausea, and dizziness, which could indicate a sudden and severe increase in blood pressure. This condition, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications such as stroke or heart attack. Summary: - B: Migraine headache is unlikely as the symptoms described are not typical of a migraine. - C: Benign positional vertigo is unlikely as it does not explain the presence of headaches and nausea. - D: Tension headache is less concerning compared to hypertensive crisis, given the patient's history of hypertension and the severity of symptoms.