A patient is unable to control his bowels ff. a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Which intervention by the nurse can help reduce episodes of bowel incontinence?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Option C, which is to toilet the patient according to his pre-illness schedule, whether or not he feels the urge, is the best intervention by the nurse to help reduce episodes of bowel incontinence in this patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage. This strategy can help establish a routine and promote regular bowel movements, which may reduce the likelihood of bowel incontinence episodes. Asking the patient frequently if he has to have a bowel movement (Option A) may not be effective, as the patient may not always be able to accurately communicate their needs due to the underlying condition. Placing incontinence pads on the patient's bed and chair (Option B) may manage the consequences of incontinence but does not address the root cause. While taking care not to embarrass the patient when incontinent episodes occur (Option D) is important for maintaining the patient's dignity, it does not directly address the issue of reducing bowel incontinence episodes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. In this condition, the immune system produces autoantibodies that target proteins in the thyroid tissue, causing inflammation and destruction of the thyroid gland over time. This process leads to hypothyroidism, as the damaged thyroid is no longer able to produce sufficient thyroid hormones. Autoantibodies are a hallmark of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and are responsible for the destruction of the thyroid gland in this condition.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Inducing emesis or performing gastric lavage can increase the risk of aspiration. The best approach is supportive care, including oxygen and monitoring.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct intervention that should be part of the plan of care for a client at risk for impaired skin integrity due to external radiation is avoiding using a soap on the irradiated areas. Soap can be drying to the skin and may exacerbate skin reactions caused by radiation therapy. It is important to keep the skin in the radiation field clean, but avoiding soap will help prevent further irritation and damage to the skin. Instead, a gentle cleanser recommended by the healthcare provider should be used to clean the irradiated areas. Additionally, maintaining good hydration and moisturizing the skin as recommended by the healthcare team can also help minimize skin reactions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: 1. Setting up a visit from a well-adjusted laryngectomee should be the first priority. This action will provide emotional support and guidance from someone who has gone through a similar experience, which can be extremely beneficial for the new laryngectomee in adjusting to their new situation and learning coping strategies.