ATI RN
Cardiovascular Inflammation Drug Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is taking warfarin 5 mg/day for atrial fibrillation. The patient’s international normalized ratio is 3.8. The nurse would consider the international normalized ratio to be what?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Elevated range. An international normalized ratio (INR) of 3.8 is above the target range for patients on warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation, which is usually between 2.0 to 3.0. This elevated INR indicates that the patient is at an increased risk of bleeding due to the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Monitoring and potentially adjusting the dosage of warfarin would be necessary to bring the INR back into the therapeutic range and reduce the risk of adverse events. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the significance of an INR of 3.8 in a patient on warfarin therapy.
Question 2 of 5
The physician reviewing a patient’s medical record states, “This patient’s behavior leads me to wonder if a limbic system problem might be involved.” If this is true, the nurse would be most likely to observe the patient having difficulty:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The limbic system is responsible for regulating emotions, memory, and arousal. Dysfunction in the limbic system can impact coordination of stress-related responses and complex movements. This can manifest as difficulty in responding effectively to stressors or in performing coordinated movements. Therefore, the correct answer is D. A: Regulating emotional behavior is more associated with the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. B: Abstract reasoning and higher-order thinking are primarily controlled by the prefrontal cortex. C: Critical decision making, weighing alternatives, and planning involve the prefrontal cortex and other areas of the brain, not specifically the limbic system.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is undergoing abdominal surgery and has been anesthetized for 3 hours. Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Impaired gas exchange related to central nervous system depression produced by general anesthesia. During abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, the patient's central nervous system is depressed, leading to impaired gas exchange. This is due to decreased respiratory drive and potential airway obstruction. It is essential for the nurse to monitor the patient's respiratory rate, depth, and oxygen saturation to prevent respiratory complications. Choice A (Anxiety related to the use of an anesthetic) is incorrect because anxiety is not a priority nursing diagnosis during surgery under anesthesia. Choice B (Risk for injury related to increased sensorium from general anesthesia) is incorrect as general anesthesia actually decreases sensorium, reducing the risk for injury. Choice C (Decreased cardiac output related to systemic effects of local anesthesia) is incorrect as local anesthesia does not typically affect cardiac output during abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who has been taking antihypertensive drugs for a few months complains of having a persistent dry cough. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent dry cough as an adverse effect due to the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that causes coughing. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Beta blockers are not known to cause persistent dry cough. C: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are less likely to cause cough compared to ACE inhibitors. D: Calcium channel blockers are not associated with causing a dry cough.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has received an overdose of intravenous heparin, and is showing signs of excessive bleeding. Which substance is the antidote for heparin overdose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct antidote for heparin overdose is protamine sulfate. Protamine sulfate acts by binding to heparin to form a stable salt complex, neutralizing the anticoagulant effects of heparin. Vitamin E (Choice A) and vitamin K (Choice B) are not antidotes for heparin overdose. Vitamin E is an antioxidant, and vitamin K is essential for blood clotting but is not used as an antidote for heparin. Potassium chloride (Choice D) is used to treat hypokalemia, not heparin overdose. Therefore, the correct choice is protamine sulfate as it directly counteracts the effects of heparin overdose.