A patient is taking the urinary antiseptic methenamine for a urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse understands that this drug should not be given concurrently with which other drug to avoid crystalluria?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Methenamine, which is a urinary antiseptic used to treat UTIs, can cause crystalluria when taken concurrently with drugs that have an acidic pH, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can lower the pH of urine, leading to the formation of crystals in the urine which can potentially result in kidney damage. Therefore, it is important to avoid giving methenamine concurrently with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to prevent this adverse effect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Iodides (NaI and KI) are given before thyroidectomy to decrease the size and vascularity of the hyperplastic thyroid gland. This reduction in vascularity minimizes the risk of excessive bleeding during surgery. By shrinking the gland and reducing blood flow, iodides make the surgical procedure safer and more manageable. This preoperative preparation is crucial for ensuring a successful thyroidectomy with minimal complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Budesonide is more effective when applied topically because it has poor cell membrane permeability, allowing it to remain localized at the site of application. This makes it particularly useful for treating severe eczema and other inflammatory skin conditions. Its localized action minimizes systemic side effects, making it a safer option for long-term topical use compared to other glucocorticoids.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the male reproductive system, testosterone production in the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) is primarily regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. LH stimulates the interstitial cells to produce and release testosterone. Option A, inhibin, is produced by the testes and acts on the pituitary gland to inhibit the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) but does not directly stimulate testosterone production. Option C, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), plays a role in sperm production (spermatogenesis) but does not directly stimulate testosterone production. Option D, progesterone, is a female sex hormone produced by the ovaries and plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. It does not stimulate testosterone production in males. Understanding the regulation of testosterone production is crucial in comprehending the endocrine system and male reproductive physiology. Knowing the specific hormones involved and their functions helps in understanding the interconnectedness of the endocrine system and how different hormones work together to maintain homeostasis in the body.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) progesterone. Progesterone is the hormone that works with estrogen to prepare the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg. During the menstrual cycle, after ovulation, the corpus luteum produces progesterone, which helps thicken the endometrial lining in preparation for a potential pregnancy. Option A) LH (luteinizing hormone) is responsible for triggering ovulation, not for preparing the endometrium. Option B) FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is involved in stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles, not in preparing the endometrium. Option C) ADH (antidiuretic hormone) regulates water balance in the body and is not involved in the menstrual cycle or preparing the endometrium. Understanding the roles of different hormones in the reproductive system is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially when managing conditions related to fertility, pregnancy, and hormonal imbalances. Knowledge of how hormones interact and influence each other is essential for making informed clinical decisions and providing effective care to patients.