A patient is taking the urinary antiseptic methenamine for a urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse understands that this drug should not be given concurrently with which other drug to avoid crystalluria?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Methenamine is a urinary antiseptic that works by converting to formaldehyde in the urine, creating an inhospitable environment for bacterial growth. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic that can potentiate the formation of crystals in the urine (crystalluria). Therefore, giving methenamine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole concurrently can increase the risk of crystalluria. It is important to avoid combining these two medications to prevent potential adverse effects on the urinary tract.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Albuterol is a medication commonly used as a bronchodilator. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and increasing airflow to the lungs. This medication is commonly used to treat conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory issues where bronchodilation is needed to ease breathing difficulties. Warfarin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots, Lovastatin is a statin medication used to lower cholesterol levels, and Valproate is an anticonvulsant used to treat seizures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Atropine belongs to the therapeutic class of antiarrhythmics. It is commonly used to treat and prevent certain types of abnormal heart rhythms, including bradycardia (slow heart rate) and heart block. Atropine works by blocking acetylcholine receptors in the heart, leading to an increase in heart rate and improved conduction of electrical impulses in the heart. This helps to restore normal heart rhythm and improve cardiac function in patients with specific arrhythmias.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A balanced anesthetic technique for producing general anesthesia usually involves a combination of different types of drugs to achieve the desired level of unconsciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation, and amnesia while minimizing adverse effects. The use of multiple drugs simultaneously allows for lower doses of each drug, reducing the risk of toxicity and adverse side effects. In a typical balanced anesthesia regimen, an inhalation anesthetic is used for the maintenance of anesthesia, a narcotic provides analgesia, a muscle relaxant is used to facilitate intubation and reduce muscle movements during surgery, and an IV barbiturate may be used as an induction agent to initiate anesthesia. Therefore, all of the options provided - an inhalation anesthetic, a narcotic, a muscle relaxant, and an IV barbiturate - are commonly included in a balanced anesthetic technique for producing general anesthesia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Salicylamide is less effective than aspirin but may be used in patients allergic to aspirin. It is a derivative of salicylic acid and acts as an analgesic and antipyretic, but it lacks the anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin. Sodium salicylate and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) are more effective than salicylamide. Methyl salicylate is mainly used as a topical analgesic. Diflunisal is a salicylate derivative that is more potent and has a longer duration of action compared to aspirin, so it is not a suitable alternative for patients allergic to aspirin.