ATI RN
Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs NCLEX Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is taking rivastigmine. The nurse should teach the patient and family which information about rivastigmine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gastrointestinal distress is a common side effect. Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat dementia. Gastrointestinal distress, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, is a common side effect due to increased cholinergic activity in the GI tract. This information is crucial for the patient and family to monitor and manage these symptoms. Rationale for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Hepatotoxicity and jaundice are not common side effects of rivastigmine. These side effects are more commonly associated with other medications. B: The initial dose of rivastigmine is typically lower, starting at 1.5 mg twice a day to minimize side effects. Starting at 6 mg three times a day would increase the risk of adverse effects. D: Increased appetite and weight gain are not typical side effects of rivastigmine. In fact, weight loss is more commonly reported with this medication.
Question 2 of 5
When the nurse explains the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis to a patient, which is the best explanation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder where the body attacks its own acetylcholine receptors, leading to decreased communication between nerves and muscles, causing muscle weakness. Choice A is incorrect because it describes the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, not myasthenia gravis. Choice C is incorrect as it describes multiple sclerosis, not myasthenia gravis. Choice D is incorrect as it describes Parkinson's disease, not myasthenia gravis. Remember, in myasthenia gravis, the issue is a decreased amount of acetylcholine to cholinergic receptors, not an imbalance of neurotransmitters like dopamine and acetylcholine.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is teaching a patient recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis about the disease. Which statement is not correct concerning multiple sclerosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the statement that the goals of treatment are to decrease inflammation in the nervous system is not correct for multiple sclerosis. While inflammation plays a role in the development of MS, the primary goal of treatment is to manage symptoms, slow down the progression of the disease, and improve the patient's quality of life. Treatments may include medications to reduce relapses, manage symptoms, and modify the course of the disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they accurately describe characteristics of multiple sclerosis such as periods of exacerbations and remissions, symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, vision and emotional problems, and the autoimmune nature of the disorder causing plaque development.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse anticipates that the health care provider will prescribe which medication to treat a patient with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Glatiramer acetate. This medication is commonly used to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis by reducing the frequency of relapses. It works by modulating the immune system to prevent inflammation and damage to the nervous system. Ambenonium (A) and Pyridostigmine (B) are used to treat myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disorder, not multiple sclerosis. Mitoxantrone (C) is used for aggressive forms of multiple sclerosis, not for relapsing-remitting MS. In summary, Glatiramer acetate is the correct choice for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis due to its mechanism of action and proven efficacy.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing medication instructions to a patient with acute muscle spasms who has been prescribed cyclobenzaprine. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the patient understands the instructions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Cyclobenzaprine can cause drowsiness, so it is recommended to take it at bedtime. 2. Taking it with a glass of milk can help minimize stomach upset. 3. The patient's understanding is demonstrated by planning to take it with milk for optimal effect and compliance. Summary: B: Incorrect. While cyclobenzaprine can be taken at bedtime, the patient's understanding is not demonstrated by this statement. C: Incorrect. Drinking alcohol, even in moderation, can increase drowsiness and impair cognitive function. D: Incorrect. Grapefruit juice can interact with cyclobenzaprine, leading to potentially harmful side effects.