A patient is taking nitrofurantoin. What will the nurse teach the patient?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because rinsing the mouth after taking oral nitrofurantoin helps prevent staining of the teeth. Nitrofurantoin can cause teeth discoloration, so rinsing the mouth is essential to minimize this side effect. Choice A is incorrect because nitrofurantoin does not affect urine color. Choice C is incorrect because maintaining acidic urine is not necessary for nitrofurantoin therapy. Choice B is irrelevant as it is incomplete.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Radioactive iodine. Radioactive iodine is contraindicated in pregnant women due to its teratogenic effects on the developing fetus. It can cause fetal thyroid dysfunction and increase the risk of thyroid cancer later in life. Sodium iodide (A) and potassium iodide (C) are safe to use in pregnancy for managing thyrotoxicosis. Propylthiouracil (B) is also considered safe and is often the preferred treatment choice in pregnant women.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chlorpropamide. It is a sulfonylurea drug that can be used to treat Diabetes insipidus by increasing the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland, thereby reducing excessive urination. Voglibose (A) is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used for diabetes mellitus. Metformin (B) is a biguanide used for type 2 diabetes. Pioglitazone (D) is a thiazolidinedione also used for type 2 diabetes but not for Diabetes insipidus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: seminiferous tubules. Sperm production begins in the seminiferous tubules of the testes through a process called spermatogenesis. This is where immature germ cells called spermatogonia undergo multiple divisions to eventually form mature sperm cells. The other choices, B: epididymis, C: vas deferens, and D: ejaculatory duct, are incorrect as they are not sites of sperm production but rather play roles in sperm maturation, storage, and transportation during ejaculation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: endometrium. The endometrium is the innermost layer of the uterine wall that thickens in preparation for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, this layer is shed during menstruation. The myometrium (B) is the middle layer responsible for uterine contractions during labor. Epimetrium (C) is not a recognized term relating to the uterine wall. Choice D is incorrect as the endometrium is indeed the layer that sheds during menstruation.