A patient is taking intravenous aminophylline for a severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The nurse will assess for which therapeutic response?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased ease of breathing. Aminophylline is a bronchodilator used to improve breathing in COPD exacerbations. A therapeutic response would be improved ease of breathing due to bronchodilation. Increased sputum production (A) is not a desired effect. Increased heart rate (B) is a potential side effect of aminophylline, not a therapeutic response. Increased respiratory rate (C) may occur due to improved breathing but is not the primary therapeutic goal.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tolerance develops due to the body adapting to a drug's presence, requiring higher doses for the same effect. Diminished absorption means less drug enters the body, leading to tolerance. Rapid excretion removes the drug quickly, causing the body to adjust, also leading to tolerance. Therefore, both factors contribute to tolerance development. Choice C is correct. Choices A and B alone do not fully explain tolerance development as they are only partial explanations, making them incorrect.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cardiovascular collapse. Universal anesthetic refers to a local anesthetic that can potentially affect all systems, including the cardiovascular system, leading to cardiovascular collapse. This answer is correct as it aligns with the term "universal anesthetic." Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically relate to the concept of a universal anesthetic. Seizures and respiratory failure are not exclusive to a universal anesthetic, and D, "All of the above," is incorrect as it includes options that are not directly related to the term "universal anesthetic."

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pancuronium. It is a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant that works by blocking acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle relaxation. Succinylcholine (B) is a depolarizing muscle relaxant that causes initial muscle depolarization before relaxation. Hexamethonium (C) is a ganglionic blocking agent used for hypertension. Scopolamine (D) is an anticholinergic drug used for motion sickness. Thus, the correct choice is A as it specifically acts as a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant by blocking acetylcholine receptors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Succinylcholine. Succinylcholine can increase intraocular pressure, which is dangerous for patients with glaucoma. This is due to its depolarizing mechanism of action, causing muscle fasciculations and potential pressure build-up in the eye. A: Tubocurarine is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent and not contraindicated in glaucoma. C: Pancuronium is a nondepolarizing agent and does not have a significant effect on intraocular pressure. D: Gallamine is a nondepolarizing agent and is not contraindicated in glaucoma.